A **p-adically closed field** is a field that satisfies certain properties related to valuation theory and algebraic closure in the context of p-adic numbers. To understand it fully, let's break it down: 1. **p-adic Numbers**: The p-adic numbers \( \mathbb{Q}_p \) are a system of numbers used in number theory.

The term "last" can have different meanings depending on the context in which it's used. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Footwear Industry**: In shoemaking, a "last" is a mold or form that gives shape to the shoe. It is typically made of wood, plastic, or metal and is used to construct the upper part of the shoe. 2. **Duration**: In a general context, "last" can refer to the duration of time something continues.

FTP server software is a type of software that enables the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service on a server, allowing users to transfer files over a network, such as the internet or a local area network (LAN). FTP is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server.

"Discoveries" by Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann is not a widely recognized work, and there seems to be limited information about it in the context of literature, science, or any other prominent field. Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann was a German astronomer and physicist known primarily for his research in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics, particularly related to comets and celestial bodies.

Hp-FEM, or hp-Finite Element Method, is a numerical technique used for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in various fields such as engineering, physics, and computational mathematics. It combines two distinct approaches in finite element analysis: 1. **h-refinement**: This involves refining the mesh by subdividing elements into smaller ones, which increases the accuracy of the solution in areas where higher resolution is needed. With h-refinement, the number of elements in the mesh increases.

William A. Martin could refer to various individuals or topics, as it is a relatively common name. Without more specific context—such as a field (like literature, science, politics, etc.), a location, or a notable event associated with the name—it's challenging to provide a precise answer.

.uk is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom. It is used for websites and email addresses associated with the UK. The .uk domain is managed by Nominet, the official registry for .uk domains. Within the .uk domain, there are several second-level domains that can be registered, including: - .co.uk: Predominantly used by commercial entities. - .org.uk: Typically used by non-profit organizations. - .me.

Robin Milner (1934–2010) was a prominent British computer scientist known for his significant contributions to the fields of programming language design, formal methods, and type theory. He is best known for his work on the development of the ML programming language, which introduced important concepts in functional programming and type inference. Milner also developed the Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS), a formal language for describing concurrent systems that has had a substantial impact on the study of concurrency in computer science.

Polygon partition, often referred to as polygon triangulation in computational geometry, is the process of dividing a polygon into simpler components, typically triangles. This is useful for various applications in computer graphics, geographic information systems, and computational geometry because triangles are easier to work with for rendering and analysis.

Lars Gårding was a Swedish mathematician known for his contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in areas such as functional analysis and differential equations. He made significant academic contributions and played a role in advancing mathematical research and education in Sweden. Gårding is also remembered for his work on Gårding's inequality, which is a key result in the theory of partial differential equations.

Ásta Kristjana Sveinsdóttir is an Icelandic artist known for her work in contemporary art. She often incorporates themes from her personal experiences and cultural background into her pieces.

An augmented tridiminished icosahedron is a type of polyhedron that is derived from the tridiminished icosahedron through a process called augmentation. To understand this concept, it's helpful to break down the terms involved: 1. **Icosahedron**: A regular polyhedron with 20 equilateral triangular faces, 30 edges, and 12 vertices.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there isn't widely recognized information about an individual or entity named Philip Drazin in mainstream media, literature, or historical contexts. It's possible that he may be a lesser-known figure or a private individual. If you could provide more context or specify a field (such as science, arts, business, etc.

Irina Shevtsova does not appear to be a widely recognized or notable figure as of my last update in October 2023. It is possible that she could be a private individual or a person who has gained some recognition in a specific context or specialty not captured in the general dataset.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society (ACS). It focuses on the study of materials science and engineering, particularly in the context of materials applied to interfaces. The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, and technical notes that address various aspects of applied materials, including their synthesis, characterization, and applications in areas such as electronics, optics, energy, and biomedicine.

During World War I, the concept of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), while not fully developed as we understand them today, began to take shape with several experimental designs and projects. The British, in particular, explored various forms of these early UAVs, primarily focusing on either remote-controlled aircraft or drones intended for specific military applications, such as reconnaissance or bombing.

Diary studies are a qualitative research method used in various fields such as psychology, anthropology, user experience (UX) research, and other social sciences. In a diary study, participants are asked to regularly record their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, or experiences over a specified period of time, often in relation to a particular topic or research question.

The Carolingian monetary system refers to the currency and economic practices introduced and promoted during the Carolingian Empire, particularly under the reign of Charlemagne (reigned 768-814) and his successors. This period was marked by a significant effort to reform and standardize monetary practices across the empire, which included much of Western Europe.

"Discoveries" by Guy Soulié is a work that typically involves exploring various themes, ideas, or concepts, but specific details about the publication are not widely available.

Bcrypt is a password hashing function designed for securely storing passwords. It is designed to be computationally intensive, which helps protect against brute-force attacks and is resistant to rainbow table attacks. Bcrypt incorporates a few key features: 1. **Adaptive Cost Factor**: Bcrypt allows you to specify a cost factor that determines how computationally expensive the hashing process is. This factor can be increased as hardware improves, allowing the algorithm to remain secure over time.