The 20th century saw significant contributions to mathematics from various Greek mathematicians, who made notable impacts in fields such as algebra, analysis, geometry, and number theory. Here are some prominent Greek mathematicians from that era: 1. **Constantin Carathéodory (1861–1950)** - A mathematician who made contributions in various areas including measure theory, the calculus of variations, and thermodynamics. He also worked on the theory of functions of a complex variable.

The 20th century saw a number of prominent Hungarian mathematicians who made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics. Here are a few notable figures: 1. **László Lovász** (b. 1939) - A prominent combinatorialist, Lovász made significant contributions to graph theory, combinatorial optimization, and the theory of random walks on graphs. He has also worked on algorithm design and complexity.

The 20th century saw several significant Latvian mathematicians who made contributions to various fields of mathematics. Here are a few notable figures: 1. **Gustavs E. M. M. (Gustavs) Hermannis (1914–1985)**: Hermannis made contributions in the field of geometry. He worked on various aspects of topology and had an interest in the foundations of mathematics.

The Gilman–Griess theorem is a result in the field of group theory, specifically concerning the classification of finite simple groups. It characterizes certain groups that arise from group extensions. More specifically, the theorem provides a criterion for distinguishing between different types of groups based on the existence of certain properties in their subgroup structure. While the theorem is notable for providing insights into the structure of finite groups, it is particularly significant in the study of maximal subgroups and their interactions within simple groups.

The Hasse derivative is a mathematical concept used primarily in the context of p-adic analysis and algebraic geometry, particularly within the study of p-adic fields and formal power series. It is named after the mathematician Helmut Hasse. In simple terms, the Hasse derivative can be thought of as a form of differentiation that is adapted to p-adic contexts, similar to how we differentiate functions in classical calculus.

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a type of optimization algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of ants. It was introduced by Marco Dorigo in the early 1990s as a part of his research on artificial intelligence and swarm intelligence. ACO is particularly well-suited for solving combinatorial optimization problems, such as the traveling salesman problem, vehicle routing, and various scheduling issues. ### Key Concepts of Ant Colony Optimization 1.

Gas compressors are mechanical devices that increase the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. They are commonly used in various industries for a range of applications, including natural gas processing, refrigeration, air conditioning, and in the production and transportation of gases. ### How Gas Compressors Work: The primary function of a gas compressor is to intake gas at a certain pressure and temperature, compress it, and then discharge it at a higher pressure.

The "praise sandwich" is a feedback technique often used in management and communication to provide constructive criticism in a way that is more palatable to the recipient. The method involves structuring feedback in three parts: 1. **Praise**: Start by acknowledging something positive about the person’s performance or behavior. This sets a positive tone and makes the recipient more receptive to the subsequent feedback. 2. **Criticism**: Next, provide the constructive criticism or areas that need improvement.

An antipodal point is a point that is diametrically opposite to another point on the surface of a sphere. In simpler terms, if you imagine a line drawn through the center of the sphere connecting two points on its surface, those two points are antipodal to each other.

The term "anti-record" can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. However, it is often associated with the idea of a record that represents the lowest or worst achievement in a specific category, effectively being the opposite of a typical record, which usually denotes a peak performance or achievement. In sports, for example, an anti-record could refer to the longest losing streak or the fewest points scored in a game.

Anupam Mazumdar is a prominent astrophysicist and cosmologist known for his research in the fields of theoretical cosmology and astrophysics. He has made significant contributions to understanding the early universe, including cosmic inflation and dark energy. His work often involves applying mathematical models to describe the universe's structure and evolution. You may be referring to research papers, academic collaborations, or other specific aspects of his work.

Anti-road protests typically refer to demonstrations or movements opposing the construction or expansion of roadways, highways, or related infrastructure. These protests often arise in response to concerns related to environmental impact, urban development, community displacement, social justice, and the prioritization of cars over public transport or pedestrian access. Activists involved in anti-road protests may argue that road construction can lead to habitat destruction, increased air pollution, and negative effects on local communities.

An anti-symmetric operator, often encountered in mathematics and physics, is a linear operator \( A \) that satisfies the following property: \[ A^T = -A \] where \( A^T \) denotes the transpose of the operator \( A \).

Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962) was a French philosopher primarily known for his work in the philosophy of science, literature, and the epistemology of knowledge. He is often associated with the French literary and philosophical movement known as "phenomenology" and is particularly noted for his contributions to the philosophy of space and imagination.

Anton Peterlin is a physicist known for his contributions to the field of physical chemistry and condensed matter physics. He has made significant advancements in understanding the properties of polymers, complex fluids, and soft matter. His research often focuses on the behavior of materials at the molecular level, exploring how their structures influence their macroscopic properties.

Anuška Ferligoj is a noted Slovene statistician and professor recognized for her contributions to the field of statistics, particularly in social science research methodology, survey methodology, and particularly in the context of multilevel modeling and psychometrics. She has been involved in academic research and has published numerous papers in her field. Furthermore, she has been influential in various professional organizations related to statistics and has played a role in promoting statistical education and research.

Apache Camel is an open-source integration framework designed to facilitate the integration of different systems and applications through a variety of communication protocols and data formats. It provides a comprehensive and powerful set of tools for implementing Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIPs), which are design patterns that address common integration challenges. Key features of Apache Camel include: 1. **Routing and Mediation**: Camel enables routing of messages from one endpoint to another, allowing for the transformation and mediation of data as it moves between them.

An apostilb is a unit of measurement for luminous intensity, specifically in photometry. It is defined as equivalent to one lumen per steradian. The term "apostilb" can sometimes be seen as a non-SI (International System of Units) unit, and its use is less common compared to other measurements like the candela, which is the standard unit of luminous intensity in the SI system.

AppleLink was an online service created by Apple Inc. in the late 1980s, primarily for communication and resource sharing among Apple users and developers. It functioned as a bulletin board system (BBS), providing a platform for forums, software distribution, technical support, and updates related to Apple products and software. AppleLink served as a way for Apple to connect with its customers and developers, enabling them to exchange information and ideas.

The Apple Tape Backup 40SC is a tape backup device that was designed for use with Macintosh computers, primarily in the late 1990s. It was part of the SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) family of products and offered a way to back up data onto magnetic tape. The "40SC" in its name indicates its storage capacity and speed—specifically, it could back up data at a rate of 40 MB per minute.