The mantra of the computer simulation engineer.

One of the leading figures of the early development of quantum electrodynamics.

Amazing talk by Richard Feynman that describes his experiences at Los Alamos National Laboratory while developing the first nuclear weapons.

Transcript: calteches.library.caltech.edu/34/3/FeynmanLosAlamos.htm Also included full text into Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman.

As of my last update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized term or acronym "BpuJI" that I can provide information on. It might be a niche term, a new development after my training cut-off, or a specific reference to something less commonly known.

Ciro Santilli feels a bit like this guy:

One big divergence: obsession with translating every page into every language.

His Mathematics Genealogy Project entry: www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=56185

Old French website: spoirier.lautre.net/

singlesunion.org/ so cute, he's looking for true love!!! This is something Ciro often thinks about: why it is so difficult to find love without looking people in the eye. The same applies to jobs to some extent. He has an Incel wiki page: incels.wiki/w/Sylvain_Poirier :-)

The dude was brutal. Ron Maimon praises that at youtu.be/ObXbKbpkSjQ?t=944 from Video "Ron Maimon interview with Jeff Meverson (2014)".

This is very promising.

TODO find teacher name, all seem to be made by the same cute dude from UCSB.

Theory that atoms exist, i.e. matter is not continuous.

Much before atoms were thought to be "experimentally real", chemists from the 19th century already used "conceptual atoms" as units for the proportions observed in macroscopic chemical reactions, e.g. $2H_2+O_2\leftrightarrow H_{2}O$. The thing is, there was still the possibility that those proportions were made up of something continuous that for some reason could only combine in the given proportions, so the atoms could only be strictly consider calculatory devices pending further evidence.

Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) chapter 5 "The reality of molecules" has some good mentions. Notably, physicists generally came to believe in atoms earlier than chemists, because the phenomena they were most interested in, e.g. pressure in the ideal gas law, and then Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics just scream atoms more loudly than chemical reactions, as they saw that these phenomena could be explained to some degree by traditional mechanics of little balls.

Confusion around the probabilistic nature of the second law of thermodynamics was also used as a physical counterargument by some. Pais mentions that Wilhelm Ostwald notably argued that the time reversibility of classical mechanics + the second law being a fundamental law of physics (and not just probabilistic, which is the correct hypothesis as we now understand) must imply that atoms are not classic billiard balls, otherwise the second law could be broken.

Pais also mentions that a big "chemical" breakthrough was isomers suggest that atoms exist.

Very direct evidence evidence:

Less direct evidence:

Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) page 40 mentions several methods that Einstein used to "prove" that atoms were real. Perhaps the greatest argument of all is that several unrelated methods give the same estimates of atom size/mass:

This being a class is bullshit because it is not a clade, notably birds are not considered reptiles, but they are clearly in the clade.

The layered one.