The Value of Lost Load (VoLL) is an economic measure used primarily in electrical power systems and energy economics. It quantifies the economic impact of power outages by estimating the monetary value of electricity not supplied during a power interruption. Essentially, VoLL reflects how much consumers are willing to pay to avoid a power outage or how much they lose when they experience one. VoLL is typically expressed in terms of currency per unit of energy not supplied (e.g.

"Human power" can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Physical Power**: This refers to the strength and physical capabilities of humans. It can be measured in terms of force exerted during activities, such as lifting, running, or other forms of exertion. 2. **Human Energy**: This concept involves the ability of humans to perform work, which can include physical, mental, and emotional effort.

Radio transmission power, often referred to as Effective Radiated Power (ERP) or Transmitter Power Output (TPO), is a measure of the strength of a radio signal transmitted from an antenna. It quantifies how much power is actually emitted into the environment to propagate a radio wave. 1. **Units of Measurement**: Transmission power is typically measured in watts (W) or decibels relative to a milliwatt (dBm).

Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is a measure of the efficiency of an engine in converting fuel into energy, specifically in terms of the amount of fuel consumed per unit of power output. It is expressed typically in terms of grams of fuel consumed per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh) or pounds of fuel per horsepower-hour (lb/hp·h).

Nuclear power is a form of energy generated by nuclear reactions, primarily through a process called nuclear fission. In nuclear fission, the nucleus of an atom, typically uranium-235 or plutonium-239, is split into smaller nuclei when it absorbs a neutron. This process releases a significant amount of energy in the form of heat.

Metapragmatics is a subfield of pragmatics that focuses on the ways in which speakers and listeners understand, interpret, and comment on their own or others' communicative acts. Essentially, it involves the study of language about language, particularly how context, social norms, and cultural expectations influence communication and the interpretative processes involved.

The term "wheelbase" refers to the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels of a vehicle. It is a crucial measurement in automotive design, as it affects the vehicle's stability, handling, ride quality, and overall size. A longer wheelbase generally provides better stability and a smoother ride, while a shorter wheelbase can enhance maneuverability and agility, making it advantageous in smaller vehicles or for specific driving conditions, such as off-roading.

Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is a linguistic theory and methodology developed by linguist Anna Wierzbicka and her colleagues. It seeks to offer a framework for understanding the meanings of words and phrases across different languages by breaking them down into their most basic, universal components. The goal is to capture the semantic essence of concepts in a way that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries.

Politeness Theory is a framework introduced by sociolinguists Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson in their 1987 book "Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use." The theory seeks to explain how individuals manage social relationships and convey politeness in communication, particularly in face-to-face interactions. The key concepts of Politeness Theory include: 1. **Face**: This term refers to an individual's self-esteem or social identity that they wish to maintain in social interactions.

The power-to-weight ratio is a measure that compares the power output of a vehicle (or any machine) to its weight. It is typically expressed in terms of horsepower per unit of weight (often pounds or kilograms), which provides an indication of a vehicle's acceleration potential and overall performance.

"Context as Other Minds" is a philosophical concept that can be connected to discussions in the areas of social cognition, philosophy of mind, and phenomenology. While it may not refer to a specific established theory or paper, the phrase suggests exploring how context influences our understanding of others' minds.

Degreeting is not a widely recognized term in standard language or common discourse, and as of my last update in October 2023, there is no specific definition available. It may refer to a concept that has emerged more recently, a niche term, or perhaps a typographical error for "de-greeting," which could refer to the act of withdrawing greetings or formalities in a conversation or social interaction.

Deixis is a linguistic term that refers to words or phrases that require contextual information to convey meaning fully. These expressions are often referred to as "deictic expressions" or "indexicals," and they can relate to various aspects of context, including the speaker, the listener, time, place, and even the discourse itself. There are several types of deixis: 1. **Person Deixis**: Refers to the participants in a conversation.

"Words and phrases" typically refers to the basic building blocks of language. Here’s a breakdown: 1. **Words**: Individual units of meaning that can stand alone. In English, for example, words can be nouns (e.g., "dog"), verbs (e.g., "run"), adjectives (e.g., "happy"), and more. Words are combined to express ideas, feelings, and actions.

In linguistics, abstraction refers to the process of creating general concepts or categories from specific instances. It involves distilling complex ideas or phenomena into more generalized forms, often by removing specific details that are not central to understanding the underlying principles or structures.

"Constructed action" and "constructed dialogue" are terms often used in the study of performance, particularly in theater and the performing arts, as well as in narrative analysis and storytelling. These concepts help to illustrate how performers and storytellers create meaning through their actions and words. ### Constructed Action Constructed action refers to the way performers create specific physical actions or gestures to convey meaning or character intent in a performance.

Rational reconstruction is a method used in philosophy, particularly in the areas of social sciences and epistemology. It involves the process of taking a phenomenon, concept, or historical event and reconstructing it in a way that emphasizes its rationality, coherence, and systematic understanding. The aim is to determine the underlying principles, assumptions, or logical structures that inform a particular theory, practice, or set of beliefs.

The Gradient Salience Model (GSM) is a computational framework used primarily in the context of natural language processing (NLP) to understand and generate attention mechanisms in neural networks, particularly in models dealing with tasks like sentiment analysis, machine translation, and textual entailment. This model emphasizes the importance of the distribution and strength of particular features (e.g., words, phrases) in the input data as they relate to the output predictions made by a neural network.

Historical pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics that examines how the use and interpretation of language in context have evolved over time. It focuses on understanding how the meanings and functions of words, sentences, and discourse practices change in different historical periods, taking into account social, cultural, and situational contexts. Key aspects of historical pragmatics include: 1. **Contextual Meaning**: Investigating how the meaning of expressions can shift based on their usage in particular contexts during different historical periods.

Honorifics in linguistics refer to words or expressions that convey respect, politeness, or social status in communication. They can take various forms, including titles, pronouns, verb forms, and other lexical items. Honorifics serve to indicate the relationship between the speaker and the listener, as well as the relative status or social hierarchy between them.