A bisymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is symmetric with respect to both its main diagonal and its anti-diagonal (the diagonal from the top right to the bottom left).

Bitemporal modeling is a data management concept that allows the representation and tracking of changes to data over two different time dimensions: valid time and transaction time. 1. **Valid Time**: This refers to the time period during which a fact is true in the real world. For example, if a person's address changes, the valid time would capture the duration during which each address was valid. 2. **Transaction Time**: This reflects the time period during which a fact is stored in the database.

The ADM formalism, or Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism, is a mathematical framework used in general relativity, particularly for the formulation of Einstein's field equations in the context of canonical gravity. It was developed by Richard Arnowitt, Stanley Deser, and Charles Misner in the 1960s.

Bjørn Gjevik is a Norwegian figure known for his work in the field of music, particularly as a pianist and composer. He may also be involved in various artistic or educational endeavors related to music.

The English Electric Canberra is a British jet-powered bomber and reconnaissance aircraft that was designed and built by English Electric. Its first flight took place in 1949, and it entered service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1951. The Canberra was notable for being one of the first jet bombers to be used by the RAF and played a significant role during the Cold War. The aircraft featured a high-wing design, straight wings, and was powered by twin jet engines.

English wine cask units, often referred to as "ECUs" in the context of English wine production, are standardized measurements used to quantify the volume of wine produced from a single cask. This unit is particularly relevant in the UK, where the winemaking industry has been growing and evolving, especially in regions like Sussex, Kent, and Cornwall.

Enrique García-Berro is a prominent Spanish astrophysicist known for his research in stellar evolution, particularly in the study of white dwarfs and the dynamics of stellar populations. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of the life cycles of stars, especially the final stages of stellar evolution. García-Berro has also been involved in various projects and collaborations in the field of astrophysics, including work on theoretical models and computational astrophysics.

Entanglement monotones are a class of measures used in quantum information theory to quantify the amount of entanglement present in a quantum state. The key properties that define an entanglement monotone include: 1. **Non-negativity**: An entanglement monotone must be non-negative for all quantum states. In essence, it should assign a value of zero to separable states (states that are not entangled) and a positive value to entangled states.

In the context of physics, particularly in the theory of relativity, a four-vector is a mathematical object that extends the concept of vectors as used in three-dimensional space to four-dimensional spacetime. Four-vectors are crucial because they incorporate both spatial and temporal components, allowing for a unified description of relativistic effects.

Computational humor refers to the field of study and application that involves the use of algorithms, artificial intelligence, and computational techniques to understand, generate, and analyze humor. This interdisciplinary area typically combines insights from computer science, linguistics, psychology, and cognitive science to explore how humor works and how it can be replicated or simulated by machines. Here are some key aspects of computational humor: 1. **Humor Generation**: This involves creating algorithms that can generate jokes, puns, or humorous content.

Gerhard Wagner is a physicist known for his contributions to various fields within physics, including quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics. However, detailed information about specific research, publications, or achievements would be essential for a more comprehensive understanding of his work and impact in the field.

In the context of Wikipedia (or similar platforms), a "stub" refers to an article that is very short and lacks comprehensive information on a given topic. A "Computational linguistics stub" specifically would be an article related to computational linguistics that has not yet been expanded to cover its subject matter in detail.

Computational mechanics is a branch of applied mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to analyze and solve problems related to the behavior of physical systems. It integrates principles from engineering, mathematics, and computer science to simulate and understand complex phenomena in various fields such as structural engineering, fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and material science. Key aspects of computational mechanics include: 1. **Finite Element Method (FEM)**: A numerical technique used to find approximate solutions to boundary value problems for partial differential equations.

Computational photography refers to a combination of hardware and software techniques that enhance and manipulate images beyond what traditional photography can achieve. It harnesses computational power to improve image quality, overcome limitations of camera hardware, and create effects that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to achieve through conventional means. Key aspects of computational photography include: 1. **Image Processing:** Advanced algorithms can be applied to enhance details, adjust lighting, and correct colors after a photo is taken.

Computer-aided production engineering (CAPE) refers to the use of computer software and technology to assist in the planning, design, analysis, and optimization of production processes and systems. CAPE integrates various engineering disciplines to improve productivity, quality, and efficiency in manufacturing operations. It encompasses several key areas: 1. **Production Planning and Scheduling**: Using algorithms and software to optimize manufacturing schedules, inventory management, and resource allocation to meet production targets efficiently.

Computer cartography is the use of computer technology to create, analyze, and manipulate maps and geographic information. It involves the application of software and tools to generate cartographic representations of spatial data, allowing for a more efficient and accurate way to visualize geographic information. Key components of computer cartography include: 1. **GIS (Geographic Information Systems)**: These systems are integral to computer cartography and are used for capturing, storing, analyzing, and managing spatial data.

Computer chess competitions are events where chess engines, or computer programs designed to play chess, compete against each other or against human players. These competitions can take various forms, including: 1. **Engine Tournaments**: Specialized events where different chess engines compete against each other in a series of matches. Performance is often measured based on points scored (wins, losses, draws) in a round-robin or knockout format.