Git tips How to visualize the commit tree by
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-14 +Created 1970-01-01
Generate a minimal test repo. You should get in the habit of doing this to test stuff out.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
mkdir git-tips
cd git-tips
git init
for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do
echo $i > f
git add f
git commit -m $i
done
git checkout HEAD~2
git checkout -b my-feature
for i in 6 7; do
echo $i > f
git add f
git commit -m $i
done
Syn and anti addition refer to the specific orientations of the addition of reactants across a double bond in organic molecules. These terms are especially important in the context of stereochemistry, the study of the three-dimensional arrangements of atoms within molecules. 1. **Syn Addition**: - In syn addition, the two substituents are added to the same side (or face) of the double bond.
The Ogawa integral is a mathematical construct that arises in various contexts, particularly in the field of applied mathematics and fluid dynamics. It is often associated with solutions to certain types of differential equations, especially in relation to integral transforms and functional analysis. However, the term "Ogawa integral" is not as widely recognized or defined as some other mathematical integrals, and it may not have a standard definition in the literature.
Leopoldo Pando Zayas may not refer to a widely recognized individual or topic as of my last knowledge update in October 2023, and there is limited information available on this name. It is possible that he is a local figure, a professional in a specific field, or a person of interest in a particular context that has not gained widespread recognition.
Đàm Thanh Sơn is a prominent Vietnamese-American physicist known for his contributions to theoretical physics, particularly in the areas of high-energy physics and string theory. He is recognized for his work on various topics, including the study of quantum field theories, black holes, and the holographic principle. Sơn has held academic positions at several institutions and has published numerous research papers in his field. His work has garnered international recognition within the scientific community.
The Chapman-Kolmogorov equation is a fundamental relation in the field of stochastic processes, particularly in the study of Markov processes. It describes how transition probabilities between states in a Markov chain can be related over time.
Integration by parts is a technique used in calculus to integrate the product of two functions. It is derived from the product rule of differentiation. The method is particularly useful when the integrand (the function being integrated) is a product of two simpler functions for which integration and differentiation are straightforward.
The Paley-Wiener integral is a mathematical concept used primarily in the field of signal processing and Fourier analysis. It is associated with the analysis of functions that are band-limited, meaning that they contain no frequencies higher than a certain maximum frequency. The Paley-Wiener integral is particularly important in the study of the properties of these functions in relation to the Fourier transform.
The Reflection Principle is a fundamental concept in the study of stochastic processes, particularly in the context of the Wiener process (also known as Brownian motion). The principle provides a method for analyzing the behavior of Brownian paths, especially concerning their maximum or minimum values.
The Mabinogion sheep problem is a classic problem in mathematical logic and set theory often used in discussions around paradoxes and infinite sets. It draws inspiration from the Welsh collection of tales known as the "Mabinogion," although the connection to the original stories is more thematic than direct. The problem itself involves a scenario with sheep, typically framed in a way that presents a paradox or challenges our intuition about counting infinite sets.
A **Partially Observable Markov Decision Process** (POMDP) is a framework used in decision-making problems where an agent operates in an environment that is partially observable and stochastic. It generalizes the Markov Decision Process (MDP) to situations where the agent cannot directly observe the state of the environment, making it a powerful model for a variety of applications such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and economics.
Seneca the Younger, a Roman Stoic philosopher, playwright, and statesman, is known for several significant philosophical works that explore themes of ethics, virtue, and the nature of the human condition. Here are some of his most notable works: 1. **Letters to Lucilius (Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium)**: This collection of 124 letters addressed to his friend Lucilius serves as a cornerstone of Stoic philosophy.
"Astronomica" is a Roman didactic poem written by the astrologer and poet Marcus Manilius in the 1st century AD, specifically during the reign of Augustus. The work is one of the few surviving texts on astrology from antiquity and consists of five books. It combines elements of astrology, astronomy, and philosophy, presenting a comprehensive view of the celestial bodies and their influence on human affairs.
The phrase "the best of all possible worlds" is most famously associated with the philosophy of Leibniz and is particularly highlighted in the satirical novel "Candide" by Voltaire. In this context, it refers to the idea that the existing world, despite its flaws and suffering, is the best possible one that God could have created. Leibniz believed that God, being all-good and all-powerful, would create a world that maximizes good and minimizes evil.
"De Constantia" is a philosophical work written by the Dutch philosopher and statesman Hugo Grotius, who is often considered one of the founding figures of international law. The work, titled "De Constantia," translates to "On Constancy" in English, and it was written in 1620, at a time when Grotius was in exile.
The "Discourses" of Epictetus is a collection of teachings and philosophical discussions attributed to the Stoic philosopher Epictetus, who lived from approximately 55 to 135 CE. His teachings were transcribed and compiled by his student Arrian around the end of the first century.
Epoché is a philosophical term that originates from ancient Greek, meaning "suspension" or "bracketing." It is primarily associated with the discipline of phenomenology, particularly in the works of the German philosopher Edmund Husserl. In phenomenology, Epoché refers to the practice of suspending judgment about the natural world and our preconceived notions to focus on our immediate experiences and perceptions.
Here is a glossary of key terms related to Stoicism, a philosophy that emphasizes rationality, self-control, and virtue as paths to tranquility and happiness: ### A - **Apatheia**: A state of being unperturbed by external circumstances, representing a form of emotional resilience and tranquility associated with virtue. ### C - **Cardinal Virtues**: The four primary virtues in Stoicism: wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance.
Katalepsis is a term that originates from ancient Greek philosophy, particularly associated with the Stoics. It refers to the state of having a clear and distinct perception or understanding of an object or concept, often seen as equivalent to true knowledge or certainty. In Stoic thought, katalepsis signifies the moment when an idea or impression is so vivid and compelling that it is taken to be true and is not subject to doubt.
A "lazy argument" generally refers to a programming concept where an argument is passed to a function in a way that the computation or evaluation of that argument is deferred until it is actually needed. This is often used to improve performance or to handle infinite data structures, among other use cases. There are a few common contexts where this concept is applied: 1. **Lazy Evaluation**: This is a programming technique used in languages like Haskell, where expressions are not evaluated until their values are required.
Pinned article: ourbigbook/introduction-to-the-ourbigbook-project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. - Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact