KCNK5, also known as "Potassium Channel, Two-Pore Domain, Subfamily K, Member 5," is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the formation of a specific type of potassium ion channel. These channels are integral in various physiological processes, including setting the resting membrane potential of cells, regulating excitability, and contributing to the overall homeostasis of potassium ions within cells.

Calcium channels are specialized proteins located in the cell membrane that facilitate the movement of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into and out of cells. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, hormone secretion, and the regulation of heartbeat. There are several types of calcium channels, which can be broadly categorized into: 1. **Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels (VGCCs)**: These channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.

The calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit, commonly referred to as **CACNA1H**, is a protein that forms part of a type of calcium channel in the body. Specifically, it is a subunit of the T-type calcium channels, which are involved in various physiological processes.

Calcium release-activated channels (CRAC channels) are a type of ion channel that is primarily involved in the regulation of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in cells. These channels play a crucial role in cellular signaling processes, particularly in response to various stimuli that lead to calcium release from internal stores, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

GABRD (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Delta) is a gene that encodes a subunit of the GABA receptor, which is a type of neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, playing a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, "GABRE" does not refer to a widely recognized term or concept. However, it could represent various things depending on context, such as an acronym, a brand, a person's name, or even a project in a specific field.

CatSper1 (Cation Channel of Sperm 1) is a protein encoded by the CATSPER1 gene in humans and is a part of the CatSper (Cation Channel of Sperm) family. It is a vital component of the ion channels that are predominantly expressed in the sperm cells of mammals.

CatSper3 (CatSper channel 3) is a member of the CatSper (cation channel of sperm) family of ion channels, which are important for male fertility. These channels are primarily expressed in sperm cells and are crucial for processes such as sperm motility and the ability of sperm to navigate toward the egg during fertilization. CatSper channels are calcium-permeable ion channels that help regulate intracellular calcium levels in sperm.

CatSper4 is a protein that is part of the CatSper (Cation channel of sperm) family of ion channels, which are critical for sperm motility and fertility in many animals, including humans. These channels primarily facilitate the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into sperm cells, which is essential for various physiological processes, including sperm activation, movement, and the ability to fertilize an egg.

Cation channels of sperm are specialized ion channels located in the membranes of sperm cells that facilitate the flow of positively charged ions (cations) into and out of the sperm. These channels play a crucial role in sperm function, particularly in processes related to motility, fertilization, and hyperactivation.

Cav1.1 refers to a type of voltage-gated calcium channel that is primarily found in skeletal muscle cells. It is a crucial component in the excitation-contraction coupling process, which translates electrical signals from the nervous system into muscle contraction. Cav1.1 is a large protein, and its full name is "calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit.

Cav1.2 is a type of voltage-gated calcium channel that is predominantly found in cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as in neurons. It is a member of the Cav1 family of calcium channels and is also known as the alpha-1C subunit of the channel. These channels are critical for the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into cells, which is essential for various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression.

Cav1.4 refers to a specific type of voltage-gated calcium channel, which is part of the Cav1 family of channels. These channels are crucial for the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into cells in response to membrane depolarization. Cav1.4 is primarily found in the retina, particularly in photoreceptor cells (such as rods and cones) and some bipolar cells. Key features of Cav1.

KCNA7 is a gene that encodes a member of the potassium channel family. Specifically, it is known as "Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily A Member 7." This protein plays a critical role in regulating the flow of potassium ions across cell membranes, which is essential for maintaining the electrical excitability of cells, particularly in the nervous system and muscle tissues.

Channelrhodopsin is a type of light-sensitive ion channel primarily derived from certain species of green algae. These proteins are important tools in the field of optogenetics, a technique that allows researchers to control neuronal activity using light. Channelrhodopsins function by changing conformation in response to light, typically blue or green wavelengths, which allows ions such as sodium or calcium to flow into the cell.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 (CNGA1) is a protein that is part of the family of ion channels known as cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. These channels are primarily involved in the sensory transduction processes in the visual and olfactory systems, allowing for the conversion of chemical signals into electrical signals in response to cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP).

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 2 (CNG channel alpha 2) refers to a protein that is part of a group of ion channels known as cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. These channels are primarily involved in sensory transduction processes, particularly in the olfactory system (for smell) and in photoreceptors in the retina (for vision).

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 3 (CNGA3) is a protein that forms a part of the ion channel complex involved in sensory transduction, particularly in photoreceptors in the retina. It is one of the alpha subunits of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, which are sensitive to cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP).

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3 (CNGB3) is a protein that is a part of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, which are a type of ion channel that is activated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are a type of ion channel that are primarily activated by cyclic nucleotides, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). These channels are critical components in various physiological processes, particularly in sensory transduction, including vision and olfaction.