Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are complex mixtures of high-molecular-weight substances produced by microorganisms, particularly bacteria and other forms of microbial communities. EPS are a crucial component of biofilms, which are structured communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces. Key characteristics of EPS include: 1. **Composition**: EPS is primarily composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The specific composition can vary significantly among different microbial species and environmental conditions.

Ichthyoplankton refers to the early life stages of fish that are found in the plankton community of marine and freshwater ecosystems. This group primarily includes fish eggs and larval fish, which drift in the water column and are crucial components of aquatic food webs. Ichthyoplankton plays an important role in the ecology of aquatic systems as they serve as prey for a variety of larger organisms, including other fish, invertebrates, and birds.

The Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) is a research and educational initiative that focuses on the study of microbial life in the ocean and its impact on marine ecosystems and global biogeochemical cycles. Established with the aim of advancing our understanding of the role that microbes play in oceanic processes, C-MORE conducts interdisciplinary research that combines microbiology, oceanography, and environmental science.

Marine microorganisms are tiny living organisms found in ocean and sea environments. They are typically microscopic in size and include a wide variety of life forms, such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. These microorganisms play crucial roles in marine ecosystems and are vital for the health of our planet. Here are some key aspects of marine microorganisms: 1. **Bacteria and Archaea**: These are prokaryotic microorganisms that thrive in diverse marine environments.

Zooplankton are a diverse group of small, often microscopic, animals that drift in ocean and freshwater environments. They are an essential component of aquatic ecosystems and serve as a critical link in the food web, primarily by feeding on phytoplankton (the microscopic plant-like organisms) and, in turn, serving as prey for larger animals, such as fish and whales.

SUPER HI-CAT (System for Ultra-High-Temperature Icing Conditions and Atmospheric Turbulence) is a research initiative aimed at studying and understanding the effects of icing and turbulence on aircraft and other vehicles. The project focuses on extreme climatic conditions that can pose safety risks to aviation, particularly during takeoff and landing phases.

Whale feces, often referred to as whale dung, is the excrement produced by whales. It plays an important role in marine ecosystems, primarily due to its contribution to nutrient cycling. Whale feces is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton, which forms the basis of the marine food web.

Bruce Weir is a prominent statistician known for his contributions to statistical genetics, computational statistics, and bioinformatics. His work often focuses on developing statistical methods to analyze genetic data and understand the complexities of biological systems. He has authored numerous publications and is regarded as an influential figure in the field of statistics, particularly in relation to genetics and the application of statistical methods to biological research.

Bet hedging is a biological strategy used by organisms to cope with environmental uncertainty and variability. It involves employing a range of tactics to maximize survival and reproductive success across different conditions, rather than adapting to a single, specific environment. This concept can be understood in the context of evolutionary biology and ecology.

The Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB) is a research institute typically associated with scientific studies in the fields of biochemistry and biophysics. While there are several institutes around the world that may use this name or a variation of it, one of the most notable is the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of Warsaw in Poland.

The International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) is a global organization that promotes the advancement of biophysics as a scientific discipline. Founded in 1951, IUPAB serves as an international platform for scientists and researchers involved in the study of biological systems through the principles and methods of physics and chemistry. IUPAB's objectives include fostering international collaboration, supporting research and education in biophysics, and promoting the dissemination of knowledge in the field.

The Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences is part of the Max Planck Society, a leading organization in Europe for basic research. This institute focuses on interdisciplinary research that spans various scientific fields, including physics, chemistry, and biology. Located in Göttingen, Germany, it aims to bring together researchers from different disciplines to foster innovation and facilitate collaboration. Researchers at the institute often work on complex problems that require knowledge and techniques from multiple scientific areas.

The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB) is a research institution located in Estonia that focuses on interdisciplinary research in the fields of chemical physics, biophysics, and related areas. Established in 1992, NICPB conducts scientific investigations that combine principles from chemistry, physics, and biology to study various phenomena at molecular and atomic levels.

Christopher H. Schmid is a prominent figure in the field of statistics and biostatistics, known for his work in statistical methodology, particularly in meta-analysis, causal inference, and the design and analysis of clinical trials. He has contributed to the development of statistical techniques and tools that are widely used in health research and clinical decision-making.

Estelle Russek-Cohen is a notable figure in the field of adult education, particularly known for her work related to the intersection of technology and education. She has contributed to various educational initiatives and published works that focus on how digital tools can enhance learning experiences. Her research often emphasizes promoting lifelong learning and improving educational practices through innovative approaches.

Helen Abbey is a historical site located in Scotland, specifically on the banks of the River Forth in Clackmannanshire. It was established as a convent for the Cistercian Order in the 12th century, dedicated to St. Mary. The abbey played a significant role in the religious and cultural history of the region. Helen Abbey is known for its picturesque setting and the remnants of its original structure.

Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan is a notable figure in the field of epidemiology and biostatistics, particularly known for her research in cancer epidemiology. She is affiliated with institutions focused on public health and research in cancer trends, risk factors, and biomarker studies. Her work often involves the application of statistical methods to understand how different factors contribute to cancer incidence and outcomes, helping to improve prevention and treatment strategies.

Joseph L. Fleiss (1923–2003) was a prominent American statistician, best known for his work in biostatistics and psychometrics. He made significant contributions to the field of statistics, particularly in areas such as categorical data analysis, agreement measures, and the development of statistical methods for clinical trials. Fleiss is widely recognized for his introduction of the kappa statistic, which is used to measure inter-rater agreement.

Miguel Hernán is a prominent figure in the field of epidemiology and biostatistics. He is known for his work in causal inference, health outcomes research, and the application of statistical methods to public health issues. Hernán is a professor at Harvard University's T.H. Chan School of Public Health and has contributed significantly to the development of methodologies for observational studies, particularly in understanding causal relationships in public health data.

Karin B. Michels is a notable figure in the field of public health and epidemiology. She is particularly known for her work and research in nutrition, cancer epidemiology, and women's health. Michels has held academic positions, including at institutions like Harvard University, and has contributed significantly to understanding the relationship between diet and health outcomes.