Kirik the Novgorodian is a figure from medieval Russian literature and folklore, emerging primarily from the historical and cultural milieu of Novgorod, a significant trade center and republic in medieval Russia. Kirik is often depicted as a clever, resourceful, and sometimes trickster-like character, reflecting the cultural values and social dynamics of the time.

"Discoveries" by Harlow Shapley refers to the book by the prominent American astronomer Harlow Shapley, published in 1959. In this work, Shapley discusses key developments and discoveries in the field of astronomy. He is best known for his research on the scale of the Milky Way galaxy and for demonstrating that the sun is not at the center of the galaxy but rather located in one of its spiral arms.

Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari, also known simply as Ibn Munim al-Abdari, was a notable figure in the realm of Islamic scholarship, particularly known for his contributions to the study of hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad). He belonged to the 13th century and hailed from the region of Al-Andalus, present-day Spain.

Ibn al-Ha'im al-Ishbili, also known as Abu Muhammad al-Ha'im al-Ishbili, was a notable figure in the field of medicine and pharmacy during the medieval period, particularly in the Islamic Golden Age. He is primarily recognized for his contributions to pharmacology and his work on medical texts.

Ramon Llull (c. 1232–1315) was a significant philosopher, logician, and missionary from the Mediterranean island of Mallorca, which was then part of the Kingdom of Majorca. He is often considered one of the earliest proponents of logic and a pioneer of computational systems.

Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff (1790–1845) was a Dutch military engineer and water management specialist who played a significant role in the field of hydraulic engineering in the Netherlands during the 19th century. He is particularly known for his contributions to the design and construction of dikes, canals, and other water management systems, which were crucial for managing the country's extensive low-lying landscapes and water challenges.

Isaac ibn al-Ahdab was a notable figure in the Jewish intellectual tradition of the medieval period, particularly known for his contributions to biblical exegesis and Jewish philosophy. He lived in the 12th century in the Islamic world, likely in Spain, during a time when Jewish scholarship flourished. His most recognized work includes a commentary on the Hebrew Bible, specifically addressing important theological and interpretative questions.

Ya'ish ibn Ibrahim al-Umawi was a notable figure during the Umayyad period in early Islamic history. He is primarily recognized for his role in the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled from 661 to 750 CE. The Umayyad dynasty is known for its expansive empire, which stretched from Spain to India, and for its complex social, cultural, and political developments.

John Cantius is a name associated with a Roman Catholic church, known formally as St. John Cantius Church, located in Chicago, Illinois. The church is renowned for its traditional liturgical practices and has a reputation for promoting the classical form of the Roman Rite. St. John Cantius Church is named after St. John Cantius, a 15th-century Polish priest and scholar known for his devotion to education and the Catholic faith.

John Chortasmenos was a notable Byzantine scholar and philosopher who lived during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. He is best known for his contributions to the field of philosophy and education, especially within the context of the Byzantine Renaissance. Chortasmenos was also an important figure in the preservation and transmission of classical Greek thought. He is often associated with the teaching of Aristotle and other classical philosophers, integrating their works into the curriculum of his time.

John Vitéz, also known as János Vitéz, was a Hungarian prelate and cleric who lived during the 15th century. He was notably the Bishop of Veszprém and later the Archbishop of Esztergom, which was one of the most important ecclesiastical positions in Hungary at the time.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, I am not aware of any notable individual or concept known as "Joseph Parsi." It's possible that this name could refer to a private individual or has emerged in news or popular culture after that date.

Mordecai Comtino does not appear to be a widely recognized term, figure, or concept within historical, academic, or popular contexts up until my last update in October 2023. It's possible that it could be a name from a specific niche, a fictional character, or a lesser-known historical figure, but there is no prominent information available about it in general discourse.

Kenji Fukaya is a notable figure in the field of mathematics, particularly known for his contributions to differential geometry, topology, and symplectic geometry. He has made significant advancements in the study of geometric structures and their applications to various mathematical problems. Fukaya is also known for developing Fukaya categories, which are important in the context of mirror symmetry and derived categories.

Paul of Middelburg (also known as Paulus de Middelburg) was a Dutch philosopher, theologian, and humanist who lived during the Renaissance period. Born around 1480 in Middelburg, he is often recognized for his contributions to the fields of philosophy, theology, and the study of arts and sciences. He was notably a proponent of the humanist movement and was involved in the theological debates of his time.

Edme Mariotte (1620-1684) was a French physicist and priest known for his contributions to the fields of hydraulics, optics, and the study of gases. He is often credited with formulating Mariotte's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, provided the temperature remains constant. This law is a fundamental principle in the study of gases and is a key component of the ideal gas law.

Guillaume Amontons (1663–1705) was a French physicist and inventor known for his work in the field of thermodynamics and the study of friction. He is often recognized for formulating some of the earliest principles regarding the behavior of friction and for developing a rudimentary understanding of temperature and heat transfer.

Jean de Hautefeuille was a French engineer and inventor from the 17th century, known primarily for his work on early steam engines and for his contributions to the development of steam power. One of his significant achievements was the design of a steam-powered engine in 1679, which he called a "steam cannon." He is also recognized for proposing various concepts related to steam propulsion.

Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh (also spelled as Ringelberch) was a notable figure from the 16th century, primarily known as a Dutch poet and humanist. He was born in 1544 and became associated with the court of William of Orange during a time of significant political and religious turmoil in the Netherlands.

Matrakçı Nasuh (1480-1564) was an influential Ottoman Turkish architect, historian, and miniaturist, renowned for his contributions to the fields of cartography and military architecture. He is perhaps best known for his detailed maps and illustrations, which played a significant role in the documentation and understanding of the Ottoman Empire and its geographical territories during the 16th century.