Ruby Payne-Scott (1912–1981) was an Australian physicist and radio astronomer, recognized as one of the first female radio astronomers. She made significant contributions to the field of astrophysics, particularly in the study of solar radio emissions. Payne-Scott was a pioneer in using radio telescopes to study the Sun and was instrumental in the development of techniques that would later be used in radio astronomy.

Ruprecht 44 (also known as RUP 44) is an unusual astronomical object that was classified as a ultrafaint dwarf galaxy. It is located within our Milky Way galaxy and is part of the population of satellite galaxies. Ruprecht 44 is notable for its relatively low luminosity and its sparse collection of stars, characteristics that define ultrafaint dwarf galaxies. These objects are of particular interest to astronomers studying galaxy formation and the distribution of dark matter.

Satirical cartography is a form of cartography that uses maps to comment on or critique social, political, cultural, or environmental issues through humor or satire. This approach can highlight absurdities, injustices, or contradictions in societal norms, often by exaggerating or distorting geographical representations. Satirical maps can take various forms, including: 1. **Parody Maps:** These might mimic traditional cartographic styles but incorporate humorous or mocking elements to subvert the intended message of standard maps.

Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) is a high-performance interconnect technology primarily used in multiprocessor and distributed computing systems. It was developed to provide a scalable and coherent memory architecture, enabling multiple processors to effectively share a single memory space and communicate with each other efficiently. Here are some key features and characteristics of SCI: 1. **Scalability**: SCI is designed to support a large number of processors and memory nodes.

A scintillation counter is a device used to detect and measure ionizing radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. It operates on the principle of scintillation—the process by which certain materials emit flashes of light (photons) when they absorb ionizing radiation. ### Key Components of a Scintillation Counter: 1. **Scintillator**: This is the key component that emits light when it interacts with ionizing radiation.

Seasonal effects on suicide rates refer to the patterns and fluctuations in suicide incidence that correspond to different times of the year. Research has shown that there are indeed seasonal trends in suicide rates, although these can vary by geographic location, cultural factors, and individual circumstances. Here are some key points related to seasonal effects on suicide rates: 1. **Seasonality**: Certain studies have found that suicide rates tend to increase during specific seasons.

In group theory, a **seminormal subgroup** is a particular type of subgroup within a group that is related to the concept of normality.

"Semiosis" is a science fiction novel written by Sue Burke, first published in 2018. The story explores themes of communication and symbiosis between humans and alien life forms. Set on an alien planet, the novel follows a group of human colonists who encounter a unique form of plant life that possesses intelligence and forms complex relationships with the inhabitants of the world.

Semiotic engineering is a theoretical framework that combines elements of semiotics (the study of signs and meaning) and engineering to explore how sign systems and communication processes can be designed in various fields, particularly in human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design. The concept was developed by Brazilian researcher and designer Lina J. K. S. Stal as part of her work on understanding the communication between designers and users.

Semiotics of photography refers to the study of signs and symbols in photographs, examining how images convey meaning and how viewers interpret those meanings. Semiotics, a theory established by linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and further developed by thinkers like Charles Sanders Peirce, is concerned with the relationship between signs (which can be words, images, sounds, etc.) and what they signify.

The Shanghai French Concession was a historical area in Shanghai, China, that served as a foreign concession governed by France from the mid-19th century until 1946. Established in the aftermath of the First Opium War and subsequent treaties, the French Concession was one of several foreign-controlled areas in Shanghai, which also included the British Concession. The concession was characterized by its distinctive architecture, tree-lined streets, and a blend of Eastern and Western cultures.

Shlomi Dolev is a researcher and academic known for his work in computer science, particularly in the fields of algorithms, data structures, and computer networks. His contributions often focus on topics such as distributed computing and fault-tolerant systems.

Simone Verovio is a software library designed for the processing and rendering of music notation in the MEI (Music Encoding Initiative) format. It is primarily used for converting MEI files into visual representations, allowing for the display of musical scores in various applications, including web browsers and software that supports music notation. One of the significant features of Verovio is its ability to render high-quality, scalable vector graphics of music notation, providing options for customization and integration into different environments.

Social network advertising refers to the practice of using social media platforms to promote products, services, or brands to a targeted audience. It involves creating and displaying ads on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and others. These ads can take various forms, including: 1. **Sponsored Posts:** Paid content that appears in users' feeds, often designed to blend in with organic posts.

Soft Supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking refers to a set of mechanisms in particle physics that allow supersymmetric partners of known particles to have different masses without eliminating the essential symmetry properties of supersymmetry itself. In a supersymmetric theory, every known particle has a corresponding partner, or superpartner, with differing spin properties. However, these superpartners are not observed in experiments, which suggests that supersymmetry must be broken.

Solid harmonics are mathematical functions that are used in various fields such as physics, engineering, and applied mathematics to describe functions on the surface of a sphere and in three-dimensional space. They are a generalization of spherical harmonics, which are typically defined on the surface of a sphere. In essence, solid harmonics can be thought of as a set of basis functions for representing scalar fields in three-dimensional space.

Ciro Santilli's sport of choice circa 2020, see also: Ciro Santilli's cycling.

A sound level meter (SLM) is an instrument used to measure sound pressure levels in various environments. It quantifies environmental sound, typically expressing the measurement in decibels (dB). Sound level meters are commonly used in various fields, including acoustics, environmental monitoring, occupational health, and compliance with noise regulations.

Spanish bioinformaticians are professionals from Spain who specialize in bioinformatics, a field that combines biology, computer science, and information technology to analyze and interpret biological data. Their work often involves developing algorithms, software tools, and databases to manage and analyze large sets of biological information, such as genomic sequences, protein structures, and metabolic pathways.

The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEMS) is a computational tool designed for the analysis and modeling of diseases in relation to geographical and temporal dynamics. This model focuses on understanding how diseases spread across different locations over time, taking into account various factors such as population dynamics, environmental influences, and social interactions. STEMS typically integrates data from multiple sources, including epidemiological data, demographic information, and geographic information systems (GIS), to simulate and predict the spread of infectious diseases.