Haumea is a dwarf planet located in the Kuiper Belt, and it is known for its elongated shape, which is thought to be due to its fast rotation. Haumea has a unique feature among solar system bodies: it has three known moons. These moons are: 1. **Hi'iaka**: The largest of Haumea's moons and is named after the Hawaiian goddess of hula and childbirth.

A list of natural satellites refers to the various moons that orbit planets, dwarf planets, and other celestial bodies in our solar system and beyond. Here’s an overview of some notable natural satellites organized by the planets they orbit: ### Terrestrial Planets 1. **Earth**: - **Moon** (Luna) 2. **Mars**: - **Phobos** - **Deimos** ### Gas Giants 3.

Arkady Migdal is a name that may refer to a prominent physicist, Arkady A. Migdal, known for his work in theoretical physics. He made significant contributions to the field of quantum mechanics, particle physics, and astrophysics. His work often focuses on topics such as quantum field theory and the behavior of particles in complex systems.

The Josephson voltage standard is a precise electrical standard for voltage measurement based on the Josephson effect, a phenomenon discovered by physicist Brian D. Josephson in 1962. This effect occurs in superconducting materials, where a supercurrent can flow between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier, allowing for the generation of an accurate and stable voltage.

El Capitan is a supercomputer developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in the United States. It is part of the High-Performance Computing Innovation Ecosystem and is designed to address a range of scientific challenges, particularly in national security, including nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship. El Capitan is notable for utilizing advanced CPU and GPU architectures to achieve high performance, with an expected peak performance of around 2 exaflops (2 quintillion calculations per second).

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a large-scale scientific research facility located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California, USA. Its primary purpose is to conduct research in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), which is a method of achieving nuclear fusion by compressing and heating a fuel target, typically consisting of isotopes of hydrogen, using intense laser energy.

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (1916–2020) was a prominent Russian physicist known for his significant contributions to various fields of theoretical physics, particularly in condensed matter physics and superconductivity. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, along with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett, for their pioneering work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids.

A long Josephson junction is a type of superconducting device that consists of two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier, where the length of the junction is considerably larger than the characteristic length scales involved, such as the Josephson penetration depth and the coherence length of the superconductors. This configuration leads to unique properties and behavior that are distinct from those of short Josephson junctions.

Superconducting computing refers to a type of computation that utilizes superconducting materials to perform calculations and process information. Superconductors are materials that can conduct electricity without resistance when cooled below a certain critical temperature. This property allows superconducting circuits to achieve extremely high speeds and low power consumption compared to traditional semiconductor-based computing technologies. ### Key Features of Superconducting Computing: 1. **Zero Resistance**: Superconductors carry electric current without any energy loss, which can lead to more efficient computations.

A Josephson diode is a type of electronic device that exploits the Josephson effect to allow current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction, similar to a conventional diode. The Josephson effect itself refers to the phenomenon where a supercurrent—an electrical current that flows without any resistance—passes between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier (called a Josephson junction).

A Phi Josephson junction is a specific type of superconducting junction that exhibits unique properties due to its design and the phase difference across it. The term "Phi" refers to the magnetic flux quantum (Φ₀), which is an important concept in superconductivity and quantum mechanics. In particular, the junction behaves differently than a standard Josephson junction under certain conditions.

Laser Focus World is a publication and online resource that covers the latest developments and trends in the fields of photonics, lasers, optics, and imaging. It serves professionals in industries such as laser manufacturing, optical systems, imaging technologies, and other related areas. The publication features articles, news, product reviews, and technical content aimed at engineers, researchers, and scientists working with laser and photonic technologies.

ROSE is an open-source compiler framework designed to facilitate the analysis and transformation of source code in various programming languages. Developed primarily at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ROSE provides a rich set of tools for building source-to-source translators, program analysis tools, and other compiler-related applications.

Angular correlation in the context of electron-positron annihilation refers to the angular distribution of the gamma radiation produced when an electron and its antiparticle, the positron, annihilate each other. When an electron and positron collide, they can annihilate to produce gamma-ray photons. Typically, this process produces two gamma rays (photons) that travel in opposite directions.

Ptychography is a coherent imaging technique used primarily in the field of microscopy and diffraction imaging. It involves the collection of data from multiple overlapping regions of a sample and utilizes advanced computational methods to reconstruct high-resolution images of the sample's internal structure. This approach is particularly valuable for imaging materials at a resolution limited by diffraction.

Supermodular functions are a special class of functions that have properties related to increasing returns to scale, and they play a significant role in various fields such as economics, game theory, and optimization.

A complete lattice is a specific type of lattice in order theory, a branch of mathematics that deals with the arrangement, comparison, and organization of elements. In a complete lattice, every subset of the lattice has both a least upper bound (supremum) and a greatest lower bound (infimum).

The Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science is an award established to recognize outstanding contributions to the field of laser science. It is named in honor of Arthur Leonard Schawlow, an American physicist who, along with Charles Townes, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981 for his work on lasers and laser spectroscopy.