The Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science is an academic journal that focuses on the field of photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geoinformation science. It publishes research articles, reviews, and technical papers that cover a wide range of topics related to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of geospatial data obtained from various sources, including aerial and satellite imagery, LiDAR, and other remote sensing technologies.

Lower crustal flow refers to the movement of rocks in the lower part of the Earth's crust, typically occurring over geological timescales. This process is significant in the context of tectonics and geomorphology, as it plays a role in continental dynamics, mountain building, and the formation of various geological features. The lower crust is primarily composed of crystalline rocks, which, when subjected to high temperatures and pressures, can behave like viscoelastic materials.

A GPS puck is a type of GPS receiver that is often designed in a compact, puck-like shape, hence the name. These devices are used to obtain location data via GPS satellites, and they can be used for a variety of applications, including navigation, tracking, geolocation, and surveying. GPS pucks typically feature: 1. **Compact Design**: Their circular or spherical shape makes them portable and easy to mount in various settings.

The Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) is a mathematical technique used in remote sensing, primarily applied to multispectral satellite imagery, to enhance the interpretation of vegetation, soil, and moisture content in an area. It simplifies and summarizes multispectral data into a few key components that represent different landscape features. The transformation works by creating a new set of synthetic bands (commonly three) from the original multispectral bands.

Thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIRS) is an analytical technique used to study the infrared spectral characteristics of materials based on their thermal emissions. This technique measures the intensity of infrared radiation emitted by a sample at a specific temperature, typically in the mid-infrared range (approximately 3-30 micrometers, or 3000-30,000 nanometers).

A geodetic datum is a reference framework used in geodesy, which is the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravitational field. It provides a standard for mapping and identifying locations on the Earth's surface. A geodetic datum consists of: 1. **Reference Ellipsoid**: A mathematically defined surface that approximates the shape of the Earth, allowing for the calculation of geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude).

Laser ranging satellites refer to satellites that use laser technology to measure distances between themselves and ground-based stations or other satellites. This technique, known as laser ranging or satellite laser ranging (SLR), involves emitting laser pulses from the satellite or a ground station and measuring the time it takes for the laser light to travel to the target and back.

GEOS-3, or the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-3, was an early weather satellite launched by NASA in 1975. It was primarily designed to provide continuous monitoring of weather patterns and environmental conditions from a geostationary orbit. GEOS-3 was equipped with advanced imaging and sounding instruments that enabled it to capture real-time data on cloud cover, temperatures, and other atmospheric phenomena.

Geosat, or Geostationary Satellite, refers to a type of satellite that is placed in geostationary orbit, approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the Earth's equator. Satellites in this orbit have a rotational period that matches the Earth's rotation, allowing them to remain fixed over a specific point on the Earth's surface.

Sfera is a series of Russian Earth observation satellites. The series is designed to enhance remote sensing capabilities, providing high-resolution imagery and data to support various applications such as agriculture, forestry, environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster management. The Sfera satellites are part of Russia's efforts to modernize and expand its satellite capabilities in response to both domestic needs and international demand for Earth observation data.

Retriangulation of Great Britain refers to a comprehensive geodetic surveying project initiated in the 20th century to redefine the triangulation network across Great Britain. This project aimed to improve the accuracy of measurements of the earth's surface in the United Kingdom following the original triangulation efforts conducted in the 19th century, which established a network of triangulation points used for mapping and navigation.

ISO 6709 is an international standard that specifies a representation format for geographic point locations. It defines how to express latitude and longitude coordinates in a way that is machine-readable and can be used in various applications, such as geographic information systems (GIS), mapping services, and databases. The standard provides a way to encode geographic coordinates with accompanying metadata, such as the coordinate reference system, altitude, and the precision of the coordinates.

The German Naval Grid System (GNSS) is a coordinate system used primarily by the German Navy for navigation and maritime operations. It allows for precise location referencing and is crucial for naval activities, including navigation, reconnaissance, and operational planning. While specifics about the grid system may vary, the GNSS typically includes: 1. **Grid Reference System**: A structured grid that divides maritime areas into squares or sections, making it easier to pinpoint locations at sea.

Grid (often referred to as a spatial index) is a data structure used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial databases to efficiently organize and retrieve spatial data based on its location. The grid spatial index divides a geographic space into a series of uniform rectangular cells or grids, each representing a specific area. It allows for faster querying and analysis of spatial data by reducing the number of comparisons that need to be made when searching for nearby points or objects.

The New Zealand Map Grid (NZMG) is a geodetic coordinate system used for mapping and surveying purposes in New Zealand. It provides a uniform framework for locating features on the Earth's surface within the country. The NZMG is based on the Transverse Mercator projection and was established to enable accurate and consistent mapping across New Zealand.

A projected coordinate system (PCS) is a method used in cartography and geographic information systems (GIS) to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat surface, such as a map or screen. It involves transforming the latitude and longitude coordinates of geographic locations into a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, allowing for more efficient distance measurements and area calculations.

The Web Mercator projection is a specific implementation of the Mercator map projection that has been widely adopted for web mapping applications, especially in services like Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and others. It is designed to provide a uniform way to display geographical data over a two-dimensional surface, facilitating easy navigation and visualization. ### Key Characteristics of Web Mercator Projection: 1. **Cylindrical Projection**: The Web Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection.

GPS satellites are part of the Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite-based navigation system that enables users to determine their exact location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) anywhere on Earth. The system consists of a constellation of satellites that continuously transmit signals to GPS receivers, which can interpret these signals to calculate precise positioning. ### Key Features of GPS Satellites: 1. **Constellation**: The GPS system typically consists of at least 24 operational satellites orbiting the Earth in six orbital planes.

Fast Data eXchange (FDX) often refers to a data-sharing framework or protocol designed to facilitate efficient and rapid data exchange between systems and organizations. It is commonly associated with the financial services sector, particularly in areas like banking, wealth management, and investment management. The goal of FDX is to improve the interoperability of financial data by standardizing the way financial information is shared.

DialAmerica is a telemarketing and call center services company that provides a variety of services, primarily focused on outbound telemarketing and inbound customer service. Founded in 1985, the company works with clients across various industries, including telecommunications, retail, healthcare, and non-profit organizations. DialAmerica's services often include lead generation, customer surveys, market research, appointment setting, and direct response campaigns.