The Cambridge Algebra System (CAS) is a computer algebra system developed at the University of Cambridge. It is designed for symbolic mathematics, which means that it can manipulate mathematical expressions in a way similar to how a human mathematician would, rather than just performing numerical calculations. CAS can perform a wide range of mathematical tasks, including simplifying expressions, solving equations, performing calculus operations (like integration and differentiation), and much more.

The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is a high-level modeling system designed for mathematical optimization, particularly for linear, nonlinear, and mixed-integer programming problems. It provides a platform to formulate, solve, and analyze mathematical models in various fields such as economics, engineering, operations research, and more.

The Lisp Algebraic Manipulator (LAM) is a computer algebra system developed in the 1980s using the Lisp programming language. It is designed to perform symbolic computation, which includes manipulating algebraic expressions, solving equations, and performing various algebraic operations. LAM allows users to: 1. **Symbolic Manipulation**: Perform operations on algebraic expressions symbolically rather than numerically. This includes tasks such as simplification, expansion, and factorization of polynomials.

Magnus is an open-source computer algebra system (CAS) designed for symbolic computations. It is particularly aimed at providing powerful tools for algebraic computations, including but not limited to polynomial manipulation, solving equations, and working with mathematical structures like matrices and groups. Magnus is often used for educational purposes, research, and applications in various scientific fields. One of the key features of Magnus is its ability to handle intricate mathematical operations symbolically, which allows for more flexibility and insight compared to numerical computation approaches.

The TI-89 series refers to a line of graphing calculators produced by Texas Instruments. The most notable models in this series include the TI-89, TI-89 Titanium, and the TI-92, which is considered a precursor to the TI-89. These calculators are designed for advanced mathematics, engineering, and science applications and are popular among high school and college students.

Tensor software can refer to a few different things depending on the context, as "tensor" is a term commonly used in mathematics and machine learning, particularly in the field of deep learning. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **TensorFlow**: This is perhaps the most common association with the term "tensor software." TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning library developed by Google.

Wolfram Language is a computational programming language developed by Wolfram Research. It is the primary programming language used in the Mathematica software system and is designed for technical computing, including areas such as mathematics, data analysis, visualization, simulation, and algorithm development. Key features of Wolfram Language include: 1. **Symbolic Computation**: It can perform mathematic operations symbolically, allowing users to manipulate mathematical expressions in a way similar to how a human mathematician would.

In 1972, several computer companies were either disestablished or significantly changed due to mergers, acquisitions, or other factors. One notable example is **National Semiconductor**, which was originally a manufacturer of analog devices and digital logic circuits before transitioning into the realm of computing. While it wasn't completely disestablished in 1972, it underwent significant changes during that period.

Deep Blue vs. Garry Kasparov in 1996 was a historic chess match that marked a significant moment in the intersection of artificial intelligence and human intelligence. Deep Blue, a computer developed by IBM, played against reigning world champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match. Game 1 of this match took place on February 10, 1996. In this game, Kasparov faced the computer with the black pieces.

A glossary of computer chess terms provides definitions and explanations of key concepts, terminology, and jargon used in the domain of computer chess. Here are some common terms you might find in such a glossary: 1. **Algorithm**: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem, often used in the context of chess engines to calculate moves.

The term "permanent brain" might not have a widely recognized definition in scientific or medical literature. However, it could refer to a few different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Cognitive and Emotional Resilience**: In some discussions, a "permanent brain" might imply a state of cognitive ability or emotional stability that remains consistent over time.

The Universal Chess Interface (UCI) is a protocol that allows communication between chess engines and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). It was developed to standardize interactions between chess engines and the user interface, enabling various chess programs to work seamlessly with different GUIs.

In 1976, several computer companies were disestablished or went out of business, although the specific information can be somewhat limited. One notable company that was disbanded that year is **Kenbak Corporation**, which is often credited with creating one of the first personal computers. The company struggled to compete in the emerging computer market and ceased operations in 1976.

Several computer companies were disestablished in 1977, primarily due to the rapidly changing landscape of the technology industry during that era. Some notable companies that were disestablished or became defunct around that time include: 1. **Computer Technologies Inc. (CTI)** - Known for developing and marketing computer hardware and software, it struggled to compete and eventually ceased operations.

Several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations in 1980, often due to the rapidly changing technology landscape and market conditions at the time. Here are a few notable examples: 1. **Data General Corporation** - While Data General was a significant player in the minicomputer market during the 1970s, it faced increasing competition and financial difficulties, leading to changes in its operations around that time.

Several computer companies were disestablished in 1983. One of the notable companies is **Data General Corporation**, which was known for its mini-computers. Although it continued to exist after 1983, it faced significant decline in the early 1980s due to competition and eventually merged with other companies. Another company is **Vector Graphics, Inc.**, which produced personal computers and peripherals. It struggled in the highly competitive market and ceased operations around this time.

Several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations in 1996. Some notable examples include: 1. **NetFrame Systems** - A company known for its network computing and server products, which faced financial difficulties and eventually filed for bankruptcy. 2. **Adept Technology** - Known for its robotics and automation products, the company went through significant changes and ultimately did not survive as an independent entity.

Several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations in 2000, often due to the dot-com bubble burst, economic challenges, or mergers and acquisitions. Here are a few notable examples: 1. **Rover Technologies** - An early player in the mobile computing market, Rover faced difficulties and ultimately disbanded around this time.

Several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations in 1997. Here are a few notable examples: 1. **Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)** - Once a major player in the computer industry known for its minicomputers and workstations, DEC was acquired by Compaq in 1998, leading to its dissolution as an independent company. 2. **Pointcast** - This company was known for its Internet news delivery service and was once considered a pioneer of push technology.

In 2006, several notable computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations. One prominent example is: 1. **SGI (Silicon Graphics, Inc.)** - While SGI was founded in 1981, it faced significant financial difficulties in the early 2000s and eventually filed for bankruptcy in 2006. The company was known for its high-performance computing systems and graphics workstations, particularly in the fields of computer graphics and visualization.