Terahertz nondestructive evaluation (THz NDE) is a technique that utilizes terahertz (THz) radiation, which falls in the frequency range between microwave and infrared radiation (approximately 0.1 to 10 THz), to inspect and analyze materials and structures without causing any damage. This method exploits the unique interaction of THz waves with different materials, enabling the detection of flaws, moisture content, and other properties.

Surface diffusion is a process in which atoms or molecules move along the surface of a solid material. This movement occurs as a result of thermal energy, allowing species to hop from one site to another on the surface. It plays a critical role in various physical and chemical phenomena, including thin film growth, adsorption/desorption processes, catalysis, and sintering.

In chemistry, the term "texture" can refer to various aspects depending on the context, including the physical characteristics of a substance, the arrangement of its components, or the way it interacts with other materials. Here are some common interpretations: 1. **Solid Samples:** In solid materials, texture relates to the size, shape, and arrangement of the particles or crystals within the solid. This can affect properties such as hardness, strength, and reactivity.

Tribology is the study of friction, wear, and lubrication between surfaces in relative motion. It encompasses the science and engineering aspects of how surfaces interact, the mechanisms of contact, and the ways to reduce friction and wear for better performance and longevity of mechanical systems. Key components of tribology include: 1. **Friction**: The resistance to sliding or rolling motion when two surfaces come into contact. Understanding friction helps in designing systems that either minimize energy loss or enhance control.

In geometry, a volume solid (often referred to simply as a "solid") is a three-dimensional object that occupies a certain amount of space. Solids have three dimensions—length, width, and height (or depth)—which distinguishes them from two-dimensional shapes like squares or circles. Volume solids can be categorized into various types based on their shapes and properties. Common examples of volume solids include: 1. **Cubes**: A solid with six equal square faces.

Urbach energy is a parameter that characterizes the tail of the absorption spectrum of a semiconductor or insulator near its band edge. It is named after the physicist Emil Urbach, who studied the exponential absorption edge in disordered materials. In semiconductors and insulators, the absorption of light occurs when photons have enough energy to excite electrons from the valence band to the conduction band.

The Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on research related to plastic films and sheeting materials. It covers various aspects of plastic film technology, including manufacturing processes, material science, applications, and performance characteristics of plastic films and sheets. The journal typically features original research articles, reviews, and technical notes that contribute to the understanding and advancement of the field.

Materials evaluation refers to the systematic process of assessing the characteristics, performance, and quality of materials used in various applications or industries. This process is crucial in fields such as engineering, construction, manufacturing, and product development, as it helps to ensure that materials meet specific requirements and standards for safety, durability, and functionality. Key aspects of materials evaluation include: 1. **Physical Properties**: Assessing characteristics such as density, hardness, tensile strength, flexibility, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance.

Dental materials refer to the substances used in dentistry to create medical devices, restorative materials, and other items that are used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dental diseases and conditions. These materials play a critical role in various dental procedures, including restorative work, orthodontics, endodontics (root canal therapy), and more. Dental materials can be categorized into several groups: 1. **Restorative Materials**: Used to restore teeth affected by decay or damage.

Functional Materials Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the publication of research related to functional materials. The scope of the journal typically includes various aspects of materials science, such as the design, synthesis, characterization, and applications of materials that have specific functions. This can encompass a range of material types, including but not limited to polymers, nanomaterials, ceramics, and composites used in electronics, energy, and environmental applications.

The Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials is a scientific journal that focuses on the field of nonlinear optics and its related materials. This journal publishes research articles, reviews, and other contributions that address various aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena, including theoretical, experimental, and applied research.

Materials Science and Engineering C (MSE C) typically refers to a specific journal published by Elsevier, titled "Materials Science and Engineering: C." This journal focuses on the research and development of materials with an emphasis on biological applications and other emerging technologies. It covers a wide range of topics, including biomaterials, nanomaterials, polymers, composites, metals, and ceramics, particularly in their application to biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and biocompatible materials.

M. Grace Burke is a notable American author and historian, primarily recognized for her work in historical fiction. Her writings often focus on themes related to history, culture, and the human experience.

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research articles, reviews, and technical notes in the fields of metallurgy and materials science. It is known for disseminating high-quality research on various aspects of materials, including their processing, properties, performance, and applications.

Nano-Micro Letters is a scholarly journal that focuses on research and advancements in the fields of nanotechnology and microtechnology. It publishes articles related to the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials and microstructures. The journal aims to provide a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research on a wide range of topics, including nanoscale and microscale materials, devices, and systems, as well as their applications in various disciplines such as electronics, biotechnology, materials science, and environmental science.

Nano research refers to the study and exploration of materials and systems at the nanoscale, typically defined as dimensions between 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials can differ significantly from their macroscopic counterparts, leading to unique characteristics and behaviors. Nano research encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering.

**Nanophotonics** is a scientific journal that publishes research in the field of nanophotonics, which is the study of the interaction between light and nanostructures. The journal covers a wide range of topics relevant to this field, including but not limited to: - **Nanostructured materials**: Studies involving materials that have structures on the nanoscale (1 to 100 nanometers) which affect their optical properties.

Nanotechnology Law & Business is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses the legal, regulatory, ethical, and business aspects of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale (typically between 1 and 100 nanometers), which can lead to new materials and applications in various sectors, including healthcare, electronics, environmental science, and materials science.

Reactive and functional polymers are specialized types of polymers that have distinct characteristics and applications due to their specific molecular structures. ### Reactive Polymers Reactive polymers contain functional groups that allow them to chemically react with other substances, which can include other polymers, monomers, oligomers, or crosslinking agents. This reactivity can be utilized in various applications, such as: 1. **Adhesives and Sealants**: Reactive polymers can form strong chemical bonds with substrates, enhancing adhesion in adhesives.

Women in materials science and engineering are individuals who focus on studying and developing materials and their applications in various fields, such as electronics, biotechnology, energy, and environmental science. Materials science combines principles from physics, chemistry, and engineering to understand the properties, performance, and potential of different materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.