Milnor–Thurston kneading theory is a concept in dynamical systems and the study of dynamical behavior of one-dimensional maps, particularly in the context of one-dimensional continuous maps on interval spaces. Developed by mathematicians John Milnor and William Thurston, this theory is primarily used to analyze the behavior of iterated functions, especially polynomials and other types of maps.

Minicomputers, often referred to as "minis," are a class of computers that emerged in the mid-20th century, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. They were smaller than mainframe computers but larger than personal computers, occupying a middle ground in terms of size, cost, and processing power.

In the context of linear systems, particularly in control theory and system identification, the term "minimum relevant variables" typically refers to the smallest set of variables needed to adequately describe the behavior of the system based on its inputs and outputs. This concept is crucial for simplifying models, enhancing interpretability, and reducing computational complexity.

The Minnaert function, or Minnaert profile, is a mathematical model used in the study of planetary atmospheres, particularly in the field of planetary science and astronomy. It describes the variation in brightness of a celestial body as a function of the solar zenith angle, which is the angle between the sun's rays and the normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the body being observed.

The Mirror Symmetry Conjecture is a key concept in the field of string theory and algebraic geometry. It suggests a surprising duality between two different types of geometric objects known as Calabi-Yau manifolds. Here’s a breakdown of the main ideas behind the conjecture: 1. **Calabi-Yau Manifolds:** These are special types of complex shapes that are important in string theory, particularly in compactifications of extra dimensions.

Mitsuo Tasumi is a Japanese artist known for his contributions to painting and contemporary art. His work often explores themes of abstraction and form, utilizing vibrant colors and textures. Tasumi has been involved in various exhibitions and art projects, gaining recognition in the art community.

The Mittag-Leffler function is a special function significant in the fields of mathematical analysis, particularly in the study of fractional calculus and complex analysis. It generalizes the exponential function and is often encountered in various applications, including physics, engineering, and probability theory. The Mittag-Leffler function is typically denoted as \( E_{\alpha}(z) \), where \( \alpha \) is a complex parameter and \( z \) is the complex variable.

Modular forms are complex functions that have significant importance in number theory, algebra, and various areas of mathematics. More specifically, they are a type of analytic function that are defined on the upper half of the complex plane and exhibit certain transformation properties under the action of the modular group. ### Definitions and Properties 1. **Holomorphic Functions**: Modular forms are typically required to be holomorphic (complex differentiable) on the upper half-plane, which consists of all complex numbers with positive imaginary parts.

The modular multiplicative inverse of an integer \( a \) with respect to a modulus \( m \) is another integer \( x \) such that the product \( ax \equiv 1 \mod m \). In other words, when \( a \) is multiplied by \( x \) and then divided by \( m \), the remainder is 1.

Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri, also known as Mahmud Jaunpuri, was a notable 15th-century Islamic scholar, theologian, and philosopher from Jaunpur, India. He is particularly known for his contributions to Islamic thought and jurisprudence, and he was associated with the Shia tradition of Islam. He is often recognized for his works on logic, philosophy, and religious discourse.

Monitor is a Polish newspaper that has historically been known for its role in Polish journalism. It was first published in the 19th century and has undergone various changes in ownership and focus over the years. While specific details about its current content and focus may vary, Monitor typically covers a range of topics including politics, culture, and social issues within Poland and sometimes features international news as well.

A monochromator is an optical device that isolates a specific wavelength or narrow band of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of light. It typically consists of a light source, a dispersive element, and a detector. The fundamental purpose of a monochromator is to take incoming polychromatic light (light that contains multiple wavelengths) and separate it so that only the desired wavelength or range of wavelengths is transmitted to the output.

Mars has two small moons, Phobos and Deimos. They are irregularly shaped and much smaller than Earth's moon. 1. **Phobos**: The larger of the two, Phobos is about 22.4 kilometers (13.9 miles) in diameter. It orbits Mars at a very close distance, completing an orbit in about 7.5 hours, which means it rises in the west and sets in the east, contrary to what we see on Earth.

A **Moore plane** is a mathematical structure related to graph theory and combinatorial design, specifically within the context of finite geometry. It is defined using concepts from projective planes and finite fields. In a more specific sense, the term can refer to: 1. **Moore Graphs**: These are regular graphs with specific properties and can be viewed as being constructed from points and lines in a geometric configuration.

In oceanography, "mooring" refers to the process of anchoring a floating platform, buoy, or other oceanographic instruments to the seabed to maintain their position in the water column. Moorings are typically equipped with various sensors and devices for collecting data on oceanographic parameters such as temperature, salinity, currents, and wave heights. A mooring system generally consists of several components: 1. **Anchor**: A weight placed on the seabed to hold the mooring in place.

Morris H. DeGroot is known as a prominent statistician and a key figure in the field of decision theory. He is particularly recognized for his work on Bayesian statistics and decision-making under uncertainty. DeGroot authored the influential book "Optimal Statistical Decisions," which has had a significant impact on statistical theory and practice, particularly in the application of Bayesian methods to decision-making processes.

The Moscow Mathematical Society (MMS) is one of the oldest and most prestigious mathematical societies in Russia, founded in 1857. Its main goal is to promote mathematical research and education, facilitate communication among mathematicians, and foster collaboration in the field of mathematics. The society organizes various activities, including lectures, seminars, and conferences, where mathematicians can share their work and ideas. It also publishes academic journals and other materials related to mathematics.