The International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science (IJMCS) is a scholarly publication that typically focuses on the intersection of mathematics and computer science.

The International Journal of Shape Modeling is a scholarly publication that focuses on research and advancements in the field of shape modeling. This journal typically covers a variety of topics related to the representation, analysis, and manipulation of shapes in multiple dimensions, which can involve mathematics, computer graphics, computer-aided design, and applications in areas like medical imaging, computer vision, and animation.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is the world championship mathematics competition for high school students. It is held annually and is one of the most prestigious and challenging mathematics competitions globally. The competition was first held in 1959 in Romania and has since grown to include participants from over 100 countries. Each participating country sends a team of up to six students and two leaders (usually teachers or mathematicians). The competition typically consists of two days of exams, each lasting four and a half hours.

The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (ISHPOS) is an academic organization dedicated to the study and promotion of the history of philosophy as it relates to science. It aims to foster scholarly research and dialogue on the philosophical issues and historical developments connected to scientific thought. ISHPOS organizes conferences, workshops, and publications to facilitate discussions among scholars, researchers, and students interested in the intersection of philosophy and science throughout history.

The International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation (ISGRG) is an organization that promotes research, education, and communication in the fields of general relativity and gravitation. Established to foster collaboration among physicists and mathematicians working in these areas, the society organizes conferences, publishes scientific work, and provides a platform for the dissemination of knowledge related to topics such as gravitational waves, black holes, cosmology, and theoretical physics.

"International tunnels" typically refer to tunnels that traverse international borders and connect two or more countries. These infrastructures can serve various purposes, including transportation (for vehicles, trains, or pedestrians), utility distribution (such as for water, electricity, or telecommunications), or even as part of military operations. Some well-known international tunnels include: 1. **Eurotunnel (Channel Tunnel)**: This underwater tunnel connects the UK and France, allowing for the transport of vehicles and passengers via train.

Internet company founders are individuals who establish or co-found companies that primarily operate on the internet or leverage the internet as a key component of their business model. These founders often come up with innovative ideas or services that fulfill specific needs or solve problems, and they lead their companies through various stages of development, from initial concept through to growth and expansion.

Intihuatana is a significant archaeological feature found at several Inca sites in Peru, most notably at Machu Picchu. The name translates to "hitching post of the sun" in the Quechua language. These structures are typically stone constructions that resemble a carved pillar or small altar. The Intihuatana served a dual purpose: it was believed to be a ritual stone associated with astronomical observations and agricultural practices.

Intoxalock is a brand that provides ignition interlock devices (IIDs), which are breathalyzer devices installed in vehicles to prevent impaired driving. These devices require the driver to submit a breath sample to measure their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) before the vehicle can be started. If the BAC is above a certain limit, the vehicle will not start. Intoxalock services are often used as part of court-ordered requirements for individuals convicted of DUI (driving under the influence) offenses.

"Introduction to 3-Manifolds" typically refers to the study of three-dimensional manifolds, which are topological spaces that locally resemble Euclidean 3-dimensional space. In terms of mathematical literature, it may refer to a specific textbook or a course focused on the properties, structures, and classifications of these manifolds. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Manifolds**: A manifold is a topological space that is locally similar to Euclidean space.

Invariant mass is a concept from physics, particularly in the context of special relativity and particle physics. It refers to the mass of a system of particles as measured in a specific reference frame, and it remains constant regardless of the motion of the observer. Invariant mass is particularly useful for understanding systems involving multiple particles or decaying particles. In technical terms, the invariant mass \( M \) of a system of particles can be calculated using the energy and momentum of those particles.

The inverse demand function is a mathematical representation that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded of that good, but expressed in terms of price as a function of quantity. In other words, while a standard (or direct) demand function typically expresses quantity demanded as a function of price (Q = f(P)), the inverse demand function expresses price as a function of quantity demanded (P = g(Q)).

The inverse problem for Lagrangian mechanics typically refers to the task of determining the Lagrangian function \( L \) that corresponds to a given set of equations of motion (often expressed as a system of second-order differential equations). This contrasts with the direct problem in Lagrangian mechanics, where the Lagrangian is known and the equations of motion are derived from it using the Euler-Lagrange equations.

Ioannis Liritzis is a notable Greek archaeologist and professor recognized for his contributions to archaeological science, especially in the fields of geochemistry and archaeological dating techniques. He has been involved in various archaeological projects and has published works related to ancient Greek history, technology, and material culture. His research often incorporates interdisciplinary approaches, blending archaeology with scientific methods to enhance the understanding of historical contexts and artifacts.

The term "ionic atmosphere" refers to the region around a charged ion in a solution where the concentration of other ions is affected by the presence of that ion. This concept is commonly discussed in the context of electrolyte solutions and electrochemistry. When an ion is dissolved in a solvent (like water), it interacts with the surrounding solvent molecules and other ions in the solution. The charged ion generates an electric field, which influences the distribution of nearby ions based on their charges.

Phenol extraction, often referred to as phenol-water extraction, is a biochemical technique primarily used for the isolation and purification of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) from biological samples. This method exploits the differential solubility of biomolecules in phenol and aqueous solutions. ### Key Features of Phenol Extraction: 1. **Composition**: The process typically involves a mixture of phenol, water, and sometimes chloroform or isoamyl alcohol.

iOS-based software made by Apple Inc. includes a variety of applications and services designed to run on iOS devices such as iPhones and iPads. Some of the key iOS-based software developed by Apple includes: 1. **iOS**: The operating system itself that powers iPhones and iPads. 2. **Safari**: The web browser developed by Apple for iOS devices. 3. **Mail**: The default email client on iOS.

Iranian mathematicians are individuals from Iran who have made significant contributions to the field of mathematics. Iran has a rich mathematical heritage, with influences dating back to ancient Persian scholars who contributed to areas such as algebra, geometry, and number theory. In modern times, numerous Iranian mathematicians have gained recognition for their work in various areas, including: 1. **Pure Mathematics**: Many Iranian mathematicians have contributed to fields like algebra, topology, and number theory.

Iryna Adamenko does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or entity based on the information available up to October 2023. No notable information is readily available about her in public records or media.

Irish anti-nuclear activists are individuals or groups in Ireland who oppose the development, use, and proliferation of nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Their activism is rooted in concerns about environmental safety, public health, and the potential risks associated with nuclear energy and weapons. Historically, Ireland has been a strong advocate for nuclear disarmament and has established itself as a nuclear-free zone, largely due to its geographic positioning and public sentiment.