Biocapacity refers to the capacity of an ecosystem to regenerate biological materials and to provide resources and services. It reflects the ability of the Earth's ecosystems to produce renewable resources, such as food, timber, and fibers, and to absorb waste, particularly carbon emissions.

"Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy" is a popular science book written by physicist Kip S. Thorne, published in 1994. In the book, Thorne explores the concepts of black holes, wormholes, and time travel, delving into both the theoretical physics behind these phenomena and their implications for our understanding of the universe.

Biological exponential growth refers to a pattern of population growth where the number of individuals in a population increases rapidly over time under ideal environmental conditions. This phenomenon occurs when resources are abundant and environmental factors do not limit reproduction and survival. Key characteristics of biological exponential growth include: 1. **Rapid Growth Rate**: When conditions are favorable, populations can grow at a constant rate, resulting in a doubling of the population size over regular intervals.

"The Trouble with Physics: The Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next" is a book written by physicist Lee Smolin, published in 2006. In this work, Smolin critically examines the state of theoretical physics, particularly focusing on string theory, which had been gaining prominence as a leading candidate for a unified theory of physics.

The "Enemy Release Hypothesis" (ERH) is a theoretical framework in ecology and biogeography that explains why certain species, particularly invasive species, can thrive in new environments where they have been introduced. The hypothesis posits that when a species is introduced to a new habitat, it often leaves behind its natural enemies, such as predators, parasites, and diseases, which can suppress its population in its native range.

Immigration reduction in the United States refers to policies and measures aimed at decreasing the number of immigrants entering or residing in the country. Advocates of immigration reduction argue that limiting immigration can help protect jobs for native-born Americans, reduce strain on public services, enhance national security, and preserve cultural identity. Key aspects of immigration reduction include: 1. **Policy Changes**: This may involve changing visa availability, imposing stricter eligibility criteria for immigration, or enhancing border enforcement measures.

In biology, a growth curve is a graphical representation that shows the increase in the number of cells, organisms, or biological mass over time. Growth curves can be used to analyze the growth patterns of populations, microorganisms, plants, or even different stages in the life of an individual organism. They typically depict how a biological entity grows and can include various phases, often classified into distinct stages.

Human overpopulation refers to a situation where the number of people exceeds the carrying capacity of a specific environment or planet. This can lead to a variety of environmental, social, and economic challenges. Overpopulation can result in resource depletion, environmental degradation, and increased competition for limited resources such as food, water, and energy.

The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the predator-prey equations, are a pair of first-order, nonlinear differential equations that describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact: one as a predator and the other as prey. They were formulated independently by the Italian mathematician Vito Volterra and the American ecologist Alfred James Lotka in the early 20th century.

Bonapartism refers to a political ideology and system of governance that draws its name from Napoleon Bonaparte, the French military leader and emperor. It characterizes a form of authoritarianism where a strong leader, often emerging from military or populist backgrounds, governs with a significant degree of centralized power, often bypassing traditional democratic institutions.

Subnational rank refers to the ranking of entities within a country based on specific criteria, often used to compare regions, states, provinces, cities, or other subdivisions of a nation. This type of ranking is typically employed in various contexts, including economic performance, education, health metrics, or other indicators of development and quality of life. For example, a subnational rank could involve listing states in the United States based on their GDP, education outcomes, health care quality, or even environmental sustainability.

Localism in Hong Kong refers to a political and social movement that emphasizes Hong Kong's unique identity and promotes the interests of its local population. This movement arose in response to various issues, including perceived encroachments on Hong Kong's autonomy, cultural identity, and political freedoms by the Chinese central government.

Heia Norge (VG) is a feature associated with the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang (VG), which is one of the largest newspapers in Norway. The term "Heia Norge" translates to "Go Norway" in English and is often used in a patriotic context, especially during sporting events or national celebrations. It typically encompasses content that promotes national pride and support for Norwegian athletes, teams, or cultural events.

A "List of populists" typically refers to a compilation of individuals, political leaders, parties, or movements that have been associated with populist ideologies or approaches. Populism is a political approach that seeks to represent the interests of ordinary people, often contrasting this group with a perceived elite or establishment. Populists can be found on both the left and right of the political spectrum, and their characteristics can vary widely depending on the context and the specific political culture.

Peronism is a political ideology and movement that originated in Argentina, associated with the policies and legacy of Juan Domingo Perón, who served as the country's president three times (1946–1955, 1973–1974). It is characterized by a mix of nationalism, populism, and social justice oriented toward enhancing the rights and welfare of the working class and the poor.

Populism in Europe refers to a political approach that contrasts "the people" against "the elite" and often portrays itself as a movement that represents the common people against a perceived corrupt or disconnected establishment. This phenomenon has gained significant traction in various European countries over the past few decades, particularly in response to economic dissatisfaction, immigration, globalization, and the perceived shortcomings of traditional political parties.

Qasimism is a term that generally refers to a religious or ideological approach associated with the beliefs and teachings of Qasim al-Ibn al-Hassan, a prominent figure in Shiite Islam, especially within the context of the events of Ashura and the Battle of Karbala. Followers of Qasimism typically emphasize themes such as martyrdom, sacrifice, justice, and the struggle against oppression, which are central to the narrative of Karbala and the larger Shiite tradition.

Socialism of the 21st Century is a political and economic concept that seeks to adapt traditional socialist principles to contemporary realities. It emerged notably in Latin America in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, particularly through the policies and leadership of figures such as Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, Evo Morales in Bolivia, and Rafael Correa in Ecuador.

William Jennings Bryan (1860–1925) was an American politician, orator, and lawyer who played a significant role in the Democratic Party during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best known for his advocacy of populism and his support of various progressive reforms, including women's suffrage and the regulation of monopolies.

Pore structure refers to the arrangement, size, shape, and distribution of pores within a material. In various contexts, such as geology, material science, and biology, pore structure plays a critical role in determining the properties and behaviors of substances. Here’s a closer look at different aspects of pore structure: 1. **Geology and Soil Science**: In soils and rocks, pore structure is crucial for understanding water retention, permeability, and gas exchange.