Beatriz Barbuy is a Brazilian astronomer known for her research in astrophysics and stellar populations. She has made significant contributions to the understanding of the formation and evolution of stars, particularly in relation to chemical abundance patterns in different galaxies. Barbuy is also involved in promoting science education and outreach in Brazil. Her work often emphasizes the importance of collaboration in the international scientific community.
Brigitta Sipőcz is known for her involvement in the field of art, particularly as a Hungarian artist and designer. Her work often includes elements of craftsmanship and creativity, exploring various mediums.
As of my last update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized information or notable figure named Maritza Lara-López. It is possible that she may be a private individual or someone who has gained prominence more recently.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there isn't any widely recognized figure, event, or concept known as "Elsa Recillas." It's possible that she is a private individual or a local personality who gained attention after that date, or it could be a name from a specific context such as literature, social media, or a niche field.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "Gloria Dubner" does not appear to refer to a widely recognized person, concept, or term. It’s possible that it may refer to a private individual, a lesser-known figure, or a topic that emerged after my last update.
Jacqueline Hewitt is an astrophysicist known for her work in the field of astrophysics, particularly in areas related to gravitational waves and the structure of the universe. She has made significant contributions to our understanding of cosmology and the behavior of stars in the universe. Hewitt has also been involved in various educational and outreach activities aimed at promoting science and encouraging young people to pursue careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).
Julie Vinter Hansen is not a widely recognized public figure or term, as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that she could be a private individual, an emerging personality in a specific field, or a fictional character.
Loretta Gregorini does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure, concept, or term as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It is possible that she is a private individual, or perhaps a lesser-known person in a specific context.
Louise Gray Young is not a widely recognized figure or concept up until my last knowledge update, so there may be various individuals or contexts in which this name appears. If you are referring to a specific Louise Gray Young, such as an author, academic, artist, or other notable individual, please provide more context or details so I can assist you better.
Ma Chung-pei, also known as Ma Chung-pei, is a prominent figure associated with the art of tai chi and qigong. He is revered for his teachings and contributions to these traditional Chinese practices, which focus on the integration of mind and body through gentle movements, breathing exercises, and meditation.
Devboard battery power by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Many devborads require a 5V power supply.
This is common on wall transformers and USB, but not in batteries.
For battery power you need a transformer.
Many/most microcontroller boards have analog-to-digital converters built into them, it is very convenient. E.g. it is the case for the Raspberry Pi Pico.
Brownian motion by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Small microscopic visible particles move randomly around in water.
If water were continuous, this shouldn't happen. Therefore this serves as one important evidence of atomic theory.
The amount it moves also quantitatively matches with the expected properties of water and the floating particles, was was settled in 1905 by Einstein at: investigations on the theory of the Brownian movement by Einstein (1905).
This suggestion that Brownian motion comes from the movement of atoms had been made much before Einstein however, and passed tortuous discussions. Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) page 93 explains it well. There had already been infinite discussion on possible causes of those movements besides atomic theory, and many ideas were rejected as incompatible with observations:
Further investigations eliminated such causes as temperature gradients, mechanical disturbances, capillary actions, irradiation of the liquid (as long as the resulting temperature increase can be neglected), and the presence of convection currents within the liquid.
The first suggestions of atomic theory were from the 1860s.
Tiny uniform plastic beads called "microbeads" are the preferred 2019 modern method of doing this: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbead
Original well known observation in 1827 by Brown, with further experiments and interpretation in 1908 by Jean Baptiste Perrin. Possible precursor observation in 1785 by Jan Ingenhousz, not sure why he wasn't credited better.
Video 1.
Observing Brownian motion of micro beads by Forrest Charnock (2016)
Source.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact