Isomorphism Updated 2025-07-16
Something analogous to a group isomorphism, but that preserves whatever properties the given algebraic object has. E.g. for a field, we also have to preserve multiplication in addition to addition.
Other common examples include isomorphisms of vector spaces and field. But since both of those two are much simpler than groups in classification, as they are both determined by number of elements/dimension alone, see:we tend to not talk about isomorphisms so much in those contexts.
A cool thought about cancer expressed at Power, Sex, Suicide by Nick Lane (2006) is that cancer it is the direct product of natural selection gone wrong!
Cancer cells are obviously selected against anti-cancer mechanism, which when they manage to evade, they reproduce uncontrollably, gaining more and more momentum.
ISO SQL TRIGGER syntax Updated 2025-07-16
TODO what is the standard compliant syntax?
SQLite does not support SQL stored procedures at all, so maybe that's why they can't be standard compliant here: stackoverflow.com/questions/3335162/creating-stored-procedure-in-sqlite
SQL:1999 11.38 covers "Trigger definition". The Abstract syntax tree starts with the CREATE TRIGGER and ends in:
<triggered SQL statement> ::=
  <SQL procedure statement>
This is defined at 13.5 "SQL procedure statement", but that is humongous and I'm not sure what it is at all.
Isothermal means "at fixed temperature".
This is to contrast with the more well established polymerase chain reaction, which requires heating and cooling the sample several times.
The obvious advantage of isothermal methods is that their machinery can be simpler and cheaper, and the process can happen faster, since you don't have to do through heating and cooling cycles.
Italy Updated 2025-07-16
Arago spot Updated 2025-07-16
In the 2010's/2020's, many people got excited about getting children in to electronics with cheap devboards, notably with Raspberry Pi and Arduino.
While there is some potential in that, Ciro Santilli always felt that this is very difficult to do, while also keeping his sacred principle of backward design in mind.
The reason for this is that "everyone" already has much more powerful computers at hand: their laptops/desktops and even mobile phones as of the 2020s. Except perhaps if you are thing specifically about poor countries.
Therefore, the advantage using such devboards for doing something that could useful must come from either:
You don't need to understand the from first principles derivation of every single phenomena.
And most important of all: you should not start learning phenomena by reading the from first principles derivation.
Instead, you should see what happens in experiments, and how matches some known formula (which hopefully has been derived from first principles).
Only open the boxes (understand from first principles derivation) if the need is felt!
E.g.:
Physics is all about predicting the future. If you can predict the future with an end result, that's already predicting the future, and valid.
If the choice of what to learn depend on a years long dependency graph of other obligations, which currently are the increasingly interlinked:
you end up without much choice at all.
The lock-in periods must be much more fluid and shorter term than those, otherwise it makes the almost inevitable pivots to success impossible.
This is something that Ciro Santilli has heard from several people at the end of their undergrad/PhD degrees. Some online mentions:
When I realized the biggest reason to continue my pdh was to be dr helps, that's when decided I should probably leave.
Jacquard machine Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
A Jacquard loom in action by NationalMuseumsScotland (2016)
Source. The lack of audio is unsettling!
Java (programming language) Updated 2025-07-16
Java is good.
Its boilerplate requirement is a pain, but the design is otherwise very clean.
But its ecosystem sucks.
The development process is rather closed, the issue tracker obscure.
And above all, Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. killed everybody's trust in it once and for all. Thanks Oracle.
Video 1.
Java for the Haters in 100 Seconds by Fireship (2022)
Source.
JavaScript Updated 2025-07-16
The language all browsers converted to as of 2019, and therefore the easiest one to distribute and most widely implemented programming language.
Hopefully will be killed by WebAssembly one day.
Because JavaScript is a relatively crap/ad-hoc language, it ended up some decent tooling to make up for that, e.g. stuff like linting via ESLint and reformatting through Prettier is much more widespread than in other languages.
JavaScript data structure are also quite a bit anemic, which makes libraries such as lodash incredibly popular. But most of that stuff should be in the stdlib.
Our JavaScript examples can be found at:

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