A Drosophila melanogaster has about 135k neurons, and we only managed to reconstruct its connectome in 2023.
The human brain has 86 billion neurons, about 1 million times more. Therefore, it is obvious that we are very very far away from a full connectome.
Instead however, we could look at larger scales of connectome, and then try from that to extract modules, and then reverse engineer things module by module.
This is likely how we are going to "understand how the human brain works".
Some notable connectomes:
- 2019: 1mm cube of mouse brain: www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02208-0
- 2023: Drosophila connectome
China stuff is mentioned at: cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship/bitcoin-blockchain.
royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ says it is now open to international citizens, but having a quick look at the 2010 awards still suggests that it is very British centric, or at least anglophone centric, much like the society fellowship itself. That's likely the reason why the Nobel prize won, being much more international from the start.
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Interesting AtomSea & EMBII uploads Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
Shiemaa&Vincent.jpg
Message:TODO identify Shiemaa and Vincent.
tx 36d0d77acd760f0aa549b6b314f0c1e9690baa6bcc2d0f07ea9f3167f4a5ec99, block 318836 (2014-09-03)Cost: ~0.002 BTC ~ $0.77 at the time.
Several other interesting uploads were also made around block 318836 (September 2014):
RedRaven.jpg
bitfossil.org/e17b83234402d85f3a18207eec11bc5c4397f88aa880aae4fb7d15802806a971/index.htmEarth3Archive.jpg
bitfossil.org/ae8d3b46b934bedc363e11abe8c8607171994470957c286274f699a0b3a9bbd7/index.htmSkyEarth5Archive.jpg
bitfossil.org/ae8d3b46b934bedc363e11abe8c8607171994470957c286274f699a0b3a9bbd7/index.htm
BikeLady.jpg
Bike Lady by Allen Lee Vandever. tx 2c4b9497af8c0c0eb9383357b40c3de33dba0b4f481099a32719f2b9036da8e7, block 319927 (2014-09-10)
This seems to be a novel work uploaded by its creator artist Allen Vandever according to EMBII.[ref].
Arecibo_message.svg
Arecibo message on tx c6d2e535cd2ba4659e954a61198c66fd98c60f6475cf8ff92a404f3fe3a16c4b, block 337874 (2015-01-07)
An "artificially" colored visualization of the Arecibo message ripped from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arecibo_message.svg (with attribution).
The cool thing about this image is that it highlights the striking parallels between the encoding of the Arecibo message with crypto graffiti, because in both cases people were creating undocumented new ways of communicating with strangers on a new medium in those early blockchain days.
The associated message contains the Arecibo message as ASCII 0's and 1's. When properly cut at the newlines, they draw the message as ASCII art, as the original Arecibo encoding intends, here's a version with the 0's replaced by spaces to make it more readabale:
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 11 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11
11 1
11 1
1 1 1
11111
11 111 11 11
1 11 1
11 1 11 11 11 1
11111 11111 11111 11111
1 1
1 1
11111 11111
11 11 111 11
1 1 1
11 1 11 111 11 1
11111 11111 11111 11111
1 11 1
11
1 11 1
11111 11 11111
11
1 1 1
1 11 1
11 11 1
11 1 11
11 11
11 1 11
11 11 1
1 1 1
1 11 1
1 11 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 11
11 11
1 111 1 11
1 1
1 11111
1 1 111 1 1 11 11
1 111 1 111111
1 111 111 11 111
1 1 111 11
1 1 1 111111
1 1 1 11
1 11 11
111 1
111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
111 1 1 1 1
1 1
11111
111111111
111 111
11 11
11 1 1 11
11 11 11 11
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
1111 11111 1 1111
He sleeps in a temple.jpg
Dr_Craig_Wright.jpg
. Source. Associated message:
The image is present e.g. at: www.kitguru.net/channel/jon-martindale/australian-man-claims-he-is-satoshi-nakamoto-bitcoin-creator/ It was inscribed about two months after Craig publicly claimed that he is Satoshi.
This is a relatively unusual AtomSea & EMBII upload as it does not have the common toplevel transaction, everything, text + image fits into a single transaction. This is perhaps why the image is relatively low resolution to have a smaller size.
YellowRobot.jpg
Yellow Robot on tx 67b2facfd8160d4fa11b02829b6387d07537b57a7a24f19b029b2a5ae7b81830, block 450516 (2017-01-29)
The associated message reads:This is one of Ciro's favorite AtomSea & EMBII uploads. This is the cutest thing ever, and perfectly encapsules the "medium as an artform" approach to blockchain art. More Chiharu stalking at: ILoveYouMore.jpg.
Chiharu and I found this little yellow robot while exploring Chicago. It will be covered by tar or eventually removed but this tribute will remain. N 41.880778 E -87.629210
At twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1615389973343268871 EMBII announced that he would be giving off shares of that image on a Bitcoin-based NFT sale system he's making called Sup!?, and in December 2023 gave 2/300 shares to Ciro Santilli. Amen. The transaction list can be seen on the web UI at: p2fk.io/GetObjectByAddress/1KUyhHLrK1ckY8W7Qu31h6gFkXoihWHMzi?mainnet=true&verbose=true It had unfortunately never sold as of 2025, the only activity was EMBII giving off some shares and two listings of 1/300 for 1 BTC. Poor EMBII!
Other possibly novel EMBII street photography:
- bitfossil.com/f2efd446475ad58a3ea808cc0f05a63c55cece9fced70d84799a1ffce5d307e4/index.htm "I will not Stop until the Finite becomes the Infinite."
Audio:
alien.wav
block 318638 bitfossil.org/a3a24d6ea01ce481a50346818b8977220687f3ba385838fe8894ce61c9718bbc/OneGiantLeapForMankind.mp3
at tx 4f5b25fa8021c67235423930580e69121aa0d2c2bb779f75139bf442f8dc7297 EMBII-indexed at 743f3286b00fc96c13db4b16d5aead8a1e059fee9ce775b1761be9be5bdc2501 and then indexed at: 0427ec598df38b7d7dc75721316c0bbdec54de4871e11aff8ea64f3717c07efbThe toplevel index does appear on Bitfossil: bitfossil.org/0427ec598df38b7d7dc75721316c0bbdec54de4871e11aff8ea64f3717c07efb/index.htm but the audio is not there as it was for Spock below, maybe a bug on upload/Bitfossil?Spock_Live_Long_And_Prosper.mp3
block 345858 bitfossil.org/1bc87dbff1ff5831287f62ac7cf95579794e4386688479bab66174963f9a4a0c/index.htm. Audio of Mr. Spock saying the Vulcan salute.OuterSpace.mp3
block 409471 bitfossil.org/c14c1bd862bab6269052bf0a2cda7a35940d7a2d9c3415d4fb8fb8dcb9394fae/ "Outer Space by embii 4MB Large file storage test Apertus 0.3.5-beta" OMG, I don't want to calculate how much it cost to upload this, it will make me sad.At twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1655969645927563266 EMBII mentions that this inscription, made by him, is the largest inscription he knows of.TODO song composer/performer?- bitfossil.com/c2b170ff450f4529dfbd784e0cf5cdddaca494e67a243dd846c0a9450a5558af/ (2021-03-13) contains
Seikilos.mid
, a MIDI file
Interesting text:
- block 273522 bitfossil.org/70fd289901bae0409f27237506c330588d917716944c6359a8711b0ad6b4ce76/index.htm pi to 1000+ decimal digits:
- bitfossil.org/8522787e7e49f3f3b6a9f9e86bc30336d26a3acbaecc93809d2e8b4bb1c4d611/ "Antarctic Ice Cores Revised 800KYr CO2 Data" evidence for global warming
- bitfossil.org/ffa6893a70bcde9b940df9823e0f597f0b6cff964c78473c77db838655e1aeb5/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laudato_si', global warming related
HTML pages:
- block 335290 bitfossil.org/0166db6053f1969c28de8b1f9a8fa4ec890cc4bdfee7602757993b306bb7f295/ JavaScript animated timer clock counting down until the start of the next year
- block 340379 bitfossil.org/062990d54045a9c316110fb713009d1313b2f64c4b216d66891c7284d6c1ca0e/ links to bitfossil.org/062990d54045a9c316110fb713009d1313b2f64c4b216d66891c7284d6c1ca0e/bong-ball.html and has a working JavaScript Pong
- block 328445
tom-signature.jpg
bitfossil.org/daa050bf8ac22752e40412c9265b4533f68ab8e6ed26d2db1eeee6710e7d9e4b/index.htm Unrendered HTML of:Likely an obituary for: Thomas L. Magliozzi. Images show fine though.- www.cartalk.com/content/tom-and-rays-bios-photos-2
- www.cartalk.com/content/rant-and-rave-36 "The New Theory of Learning" which agrees perfectly with backward design
- block 401648 bitfossil.com/31c5e5336512568e4a1deb4bbf0e57c3565c32094c0e1a118c48e7929ab49e35/bong-ball.html another one! This one is full-screen, and does not have JavaScript
alert
s :-) - block 401657 bitfossil.org/03cb74f270d498302d4dd9cbe82c090d801c8840ab6cb26b71d862489b981db8/ has a JavaScript Pac-Man
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Hidden surprises in the Bitcoin blockchain by Ken Shirriff (2014) Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Incoming links Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
By Ciro Santilli:
- 2021-04-13 twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1382067162492366854: main initial announcement on Twitter. twitter.com/mikko, who has 209.9K followers and a Wikipedia page: Mikko Hypponen hearted the tweet s2
- 2023-01-21 twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1749172304259535063: improvements to the Prayer wars
- 2024-02-07 twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1755378931446739373: large-ish update with new items and improved organization
- 2024-03-31 twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1774531934305071295: binwalk discoveries, start poking a bit into ordinal ruleset inscriptions
- 2024-04-04 twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1775805941885108392: largest text ordinal inscription
By others:
- 2021-04-15 news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26801067 (96 points) on Hacker News. Reached position 16 at one point: archive.ph/L0Fte and led to about 5k views total. Ah, Ciro could watch that Google Analytics realtime view go bling all day long. Narcissism is a bitch.
- 2021 cryptonewmedia.press/tankman-image-on-bitcoin-blockchain/ by user igadjeed
- 2022-01-23 news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30050479 "Abuse and Harassment on the Blockchain", comment-mid thread
- 2022-01-24 www.reddit.com/r/Buttcoin/comments/sbw0se/when_i_heard_about_nfts_i_thought_they_were/hu2uk8g "When I heard about NFTs, I thought they were stupid, but then I watched a video explaining how they work, it really changed my perspective", comment mid-thread
- 2023-02 lots of Twitter backlinks as a result of ordinal ruleset inscriptions:
- 2023-02-03
Video 1. Source. Features Marijuana plant and Rickrolling sections. He seems to be a finance guru. - 2023-02-07 twitter.com/privateid_ntity/status/1622814063331004421
- 2024-01-18 twitter.com/pete_rizzo_/status/1748049913286447355 by Rizzo, The Bitcoin Historian (81k followers, mid-thread)
- 2024-12-29: x.com/lopp/status/1873453363523932630 by Jameson Lopp (492k subscribers)
- ? cloudhiker.net/ A hand curated and categorized list of interesting links by Kevin Woblick. Only allows users to visit a random one per category, so we can't get proof of backlink, this was noticed through Google Analytics.
- 2025-03-18 Bitcoin Burn Addresses: Unveiling the Permanent Losses and Their Underlying Causes
The mention of this project is brief:Announced at:Ciro Santilli maintains a Web page listing arbitrary data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain. This is the most complete and up-to-date list of arbitrary data we are aware of. However, he does not specifically focus on burn addresses, but on the stored contents.
- 2025-03-28 x.com/punk3606/status/1905295370227155344 quick "this was already discovered" mention on thread x.com/I____felix____I/status/1905291048798106061 where a dude rediscovers Figure "Warren Buffet"
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Interesting transactions Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
This is about transactions that are interesting not because of their inscriptions, but for some other reason, such as transaction size, etc.
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain IRC log dumps Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
tx 210000d1392bec2505d1289e5c39c2039204ff1ecf7eef55f973ccd3111003e1, block 360235 (2015-06-10) and the following transactions have transcripts of a very long developer chat starting with:
TODO purpose? The transcripts are interspersed with developers likely voting for project leadership, and commenting on Gavin.
TODO find original discussion location, these are almost certainly from one of the Bitcoin IRC channels.
Part of the goal of this dump is that the Bitcoin developers have a policy of not allowing logging on their talk channel, and this released it all to the blockchain forever where it cannot be deleted. These might just be more of protests against larger block sizes.
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Miner signatures Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
GitHub is for newbs.
- 50002f38a40aeca96f7d03ceac1c62fc233b44207af99df8f1daddf03f6ef61c via cryptograffiti.info contains a Python script that starts with:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 # # This file is placed in the public domain. # # CryptoGraffiti tool # # Requires python-bitcoinlib-v0.2.1 # # https://github.com/petertodd/python-bitcoinlib # # pip install python-bitcoinlib
- 209c9106c7261582f5d0907819c6e10dea670c273133047d911be41f8a42d86f via cryptograffiti.info contains a Base64 encoded Python script starting in:Some related ones:
#!/usr/bin/env python # brainwallet "base58" # v2015-05-18, fixed Tor DNS problem import binascii import hashlib
- 25658f625c8f3964593b9e3c632040cb69aea9cf24403af33ab173d7cba7c42f
- 7d188bd499137b5a0d68271ef8a4f3c4dc2f2b38bd03dfc913cb2b0be15b1e0d
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Technically interesting ordinal Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
This section is about ordinals that are interesting primarily due to technical reasons linked to edge cases of the protocol.
Interesting MIME types:
- ordinals.com/inscription/dad86d722156b8c384c1f3243e40aa7a0f6f5be496bc24e19485831584f9803fi0: mime type is an UTF-8 orange emoji "🟠"
- ordinals.com/inscription/bc7b86245159cdf8bc63489687909f766a0a0e08279d23fb077cdd60ab1e9f22i0: mime type is an XSS attempt:
<script>alert('xss in content type')</script> tx=bc7b86245159cdf8bc63489687909f766a0a0e08279d23fb077cdd60ab1e9f22
- ordinals.com/inscription/bc7b86245159cdf8bc63489687909f766a0a0e08279d23fb077cdd60ab1e9f22i0: mime type is "FuckYou"
- ordinals.com/inscription/00b0ece72217ce49b637b3f9bf5335bc245e588568aa0676581b40c1bedc521di0: the mime is a long JSON. However, it does appear to be a valid feature as it rendered specially on ordinals.com.
Different
ord
markers:- 71e85885522047240a9e70542145dbf2385e1bd468e6ac6002aa755422ea10f5 uses
takingnames
. Decode with:gives the PNG of the wireframe draing of a washing machine with transparent background.bitcoin-core.cli decodescript "$(bitcoin-core.cli getrawtransaction 71e85885522047240a9e70542145dbf2385e1bd468e6ac6002aa755422ea10f5 true | jq -r '.vin[0].txinwitness[1]')" | jq -r .asm | sed 's/.* 0 //;s/ OP_ENDIF//;s/ //g' | xxd -r -p > 71e85885522047240a9e70542145dbf2385e1bd468e6ac6002aa755422ea10f5.png
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain The largest transactions in the Bitcoin Blockchain Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
- bb41a757f405890fb0f5856228e23b715702d714d59bf2b1feb70d8b2b4e3e08 999,657 bytes. Joins a bunch of tiny inputs into a single output
- 623463a2a8a949e0590ffe6b2fd3e4e1028b2b99c747e82e899da4485eb0b6be and 5143cf232576ae53e8991ca389334563f14ea7a7c507a3e081fbef2538c84f6e both have 3,075 outputs of 1 satoshi each and a single input. We were not able to identify any meaningful data in it,
file
just saysdata
, and there aren't long ASCII strings. However, the outputs were unspent as of 2021, which suggests that they might actually be data.
Analysis of some of them follows.
- dd9f6bbf80ab36b722ca95d93268667a3ea6938288e0d4cf0e7d2e28a7a91ab3 has 13107 with payload 256KB in size, but some of them at least have been spent: www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/dd9f6bbf80ab36b722ca95d93268667a3ea6938288e0d4cf0e7d2e28a7a91ab3 therefore it's not data.
file
says their payload is a DOS executable, but it must be a coincidence
There's a bit of both sides in the 2016 race:
- tx 3aaae4adc68b3768e1a6029987f2aca2479818495c9aee6a86067710806e9c4f: "bEW Trump 2016! Stop the TPP!"
- tx 202ceac7b3e7b990d1961fd2eab18ba5c80c99f10eacc783f14c53ebfdcaee00 "oEW Fuck Obama&Clinton Go Trump!!!!"
- tx 53fcddaa69e79c0fdc4e2cd139bffef341a38d46bb653721d9adf42460b1afae "EW Trump will fail America, like all his businesses"
- data/out/0433.txt:1752:EW FUCK Trump and his supporters. You ppl are the dumbest scum ever.
- data/out/0435.txt:1904:EW TRUMP 2016 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- data/out/0437.txt:1150:bjEW FuCk OfF TrUmP!
- data/out/0439.txt:1017:EW trump will trample regulations justly
- data/out/0443.txt:1281:L9,GOD EMPEROR TRUMP WINS THIRD TERM`7
- data/out/0444.txt:2102:L99,TRUMPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
- data/out/0445.txt:311:L127,TRUMP WILL SAVE THE WORLD.
- data/out/0445.txt:1257:EW Howard not Trump is the actual 45th president.
- tx 2fb07a8f358d690d8717734a48e5daf0ef70ea2d0e3b7c88dace8a5818fcb168 "L299,Trump touched my no-no"
- data/out/0457.txt:8677:EW All of the sheep think Donald Trump is literally Hitler.
- data/out/0481.txt:11481:I kill donald trump!!!!!!
- data/out/0545.txt:1239:}fEW fuck donald trump
- tx 05fce37228c732f4635f79e6f36d028be677404beab497ddace9024fe8e4b517 "EW Heil Trump!He's the true white leader our race need so much since Adolf"
- data/out/0552.txt:14:Trump needs to get impeached and locked up!
- data/out/0666.txt:56:(Trump was impeached for the second time in office.
We should have one big global government, with one global language that everyone can speak, and slightly different local laws, so you can choose where to live based on the laws you approve of the most.
Course: Quantum Many-Body Physics in Condensed Matter by Luis Gregorio Dias (2020) Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
Some courses at least allow you to see material for free, e.g.: www.coursera.org/learn/quantum-optics-single-photon/lecture/UYjLu/1-1-canonical-quantization. Lots of video focus as usual for MOOCs.
Some are paywalled: www.coursera.org/learn/theory-of-angular-momentum?specialization=quantum-mechanics-for-engineers
It is extremely hard to find the course materials without enrolling, even if enrolling for free! By trying to make money, they make their website shit.
The comment section does have a lot of activity: www.coursera.org/learn/statistical-mechanics/discussions/weeks/2! Nice. And works like a proper issue tracker. But it is also very hidden.
November 2023 topics:
- quantum field theory: no
- condensed matter: 1 by Rahul Nandkishore from Colorado Boulder: www.coursera.org/specializations/the-physics-of-emergence-introduction-to-condensed-matter
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