Used to identify organic compounds.
Seems to be based on the effects that electrons around the nuclei (shielding electrons) have on the outcome of NMR.
So it is a bit unlike MRI where you are interested in the position of certain nuclei in space (of course, these being atoms, you can't see their positions in space).
Video 1.
What's Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by Bruker Corporation (2020)
Source. Good 3D animations showing the structure of the NMR machine. We understand that it is very bulky largely due to the cryogenic system. It then talks a bit about organic compound identification by talking about ethanol, i.e. this is NMR spectroscopy, but it is a bit too much to follow closely. Basically the electron configuration alters the nuclear response somehow, and allows identifying functional groups.
Nu (letter) Updated 2025-07-16
Why would physicists use a letter such that:
  • the upper case version looks exactly like an upper case N. At least that is the correct pronunciation/name/historical successor of .
  • the lower case version looks exactly like a lower case V
Why? Why?????????
Physics from Symmetry by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2015) page 66 shows one in terms of 4x4 complex matrices.
More importantly though, are the representations of the Lie algebra of the Lorentz group, which are generally also just also called "Representation of the Lorentz group" since you can reach the representation from the algebra via the exponential map.
clang Updated 2025-07-16
LLVM front-end for C and related language like C++ etc.
Coulomb gauge Updated 2025-07-16
Alternative to the Lorentz gauge, but less used in general as it is not as nice for relativity invariance.
Lorentz boost Updated 2025-07-16
Two observers travel at fixed speed relative to each other. They synchronize origins at x=0 and t=0, and their spacial axes are perfectly aligned. This is a subset of the Lorentz group. TODO confirm it does not form a subgroup however.
Ciro Santilli hates it when an expert does this!!!
If you estimate that the audience won't know the name of the concept, that's fine, do explain it as well.
But you must also give the name!!!
This also manifests itself when news outlets omit foreign names from headlines, notably Chinese, but likely happens to all non-european languages too.
LLVM Intermediate Representation Updated 2025-07-16
Very hot stuff! It's like ISA-portable assembly, but with types! In particular it also it deals with calling conventions for us (since it is ISA-portable). TODO: isn't that exactly what C does? :-) LLVM IR vs C
Suppose we specify:
  • a .dat file
  • the offset in bytes within that file
The question then is, which transaction is encoded at that position of the file?
This would allow us to index inscriptions in the .dat files directly with fast C tools, and then retrive the transaction ID to get cleaner data and metadata.
It should be possible if we managed to take the information from bitcoindev.network/understanding-the-data/ and dump into an indexed SQLite database.
I tried to start things off with LevelDBDumper:
LevelDBDumper -d ~/snap/bitcoin-core/common/.bitcoin/indexes/txindex -f btc.csv -q -o . -t csv
but that consumed all 64 GB of RAM on P51... github.com/mdawsonuk/LevelDBDumper/issues/15
But OK, nevermind that repo, it can be done easily with the LevelDB API of any language: bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/121888/what-is-the-data-format-layout-for-txindex-leveldb-values. Just the data seems wrong and we don't know why.
Kaon Updated 2025-07-16
One strange quark bound with one up quark or a down quark. 6 combinations exist, 4 if we consider antiparticles the same as particles.
Micrometer Updated 2025-07-16
Renormalization Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
The Biggest Ideas in the Universe | 11. Renormalization by Sean Carroll (2020)
Source. Gives a very quick and high level overview of renormalization. It is not enough to satisfy Ciro Santilli as usual for other Sean Carroll videos, but it goes some way.
Angstrom Updated 2025-07-16
Josephson voltage standard Updated 2025-07-16
The most practical/precise volt standard.
The wiki page en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_voltage_standard contains amazing schematics of the device, apparently made by the US Government.
Figure 1.
Schematic of a typical Josephson voltage standard chip
. Source.
Figure 2.
Sam Benz demonstrating the equipment required the voltage standard
. Source.
Video 1.
The evolution of voltage metrology to the latest generation of JVSs by Alain Rüfenacht
. Source. Talk given in 2023. The speaker is from NIST, and the talk was hosted by the BIPM. Fantastic talk.
Video 2.
Technical aspects of realizing the DC volt in the laboratory with a JVS by Stéphane Solve
. Source. Talk given in 2023. The speaker is from BIPM, and the talk was hosted by the BIPM. Fantastic talk.
Mind blown Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
The Universe I, II & III | Tim and Eric Awesome Show by Adult Swim UK (2017)
Source. This amazing video contains the best mind blown meme ever, Ciro Santilli almost shat himself when he first watched it.

There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.