Bell state Updated 2025-07-16
One of the four following states:
The Bell states are entangled and non-separable. Intuitively, we can see that when we measure that state, the values of the first and second bit are strictly correlated. This is the hallmark of quantum computation: making up states where qubits are highly correlated to match a specific algorithmic answer, and opposed to uniformly random noise. For example, the Bell state circuit is a common hello world, e.g. it is used in the official Qiskit hello world.
Belt-driven bicycle Updated 2025-07-16
Benchmark Updated 2025-08-08
Ben Goertzel Updated 2025-07-16
www.reddit.com/r/artificial/comments/b38hbk/what_do_my_fellow_ai_researchers_think_of_ben/ What do my fellow AI researchers think of Ben Goertzel and his research?
Benji Wojin Updated 2025-07-16
www.facebook.com/watch/live/?mibextid=qC1gEa&ref=watch_permalink&v=10100156534675351 claims to have a video of Benji Wojin and his cousin Marco Troper from 2018. www.linkedin.com/posts/superintendents_marco-and-benji-wojin-love-these-kids-and-activity-7164448664772435968-siUC/ that links to it is lamenting Marco Troper 's death in 2024.
Claimed photos can be found at:All of the above are likely of the same child.
Berkeley, California Updated 2025-07-16
Bert Hubert Updated 2025-07-16
Co-founder of PowerDNS, an open source dNS implementation.
Homepage: berthub.eu/ says:.
All stuff Ciro cares about too! Cool dude! In particular Ciro loved his quote of I should have loved biology.
All stuff Ciro cares about too! Cool dude! In particular Ciro loved his quote of I should have loved biology.
He's writing a fun-sounding book about molecular biology as of 2022: berthub.eu/dna-book. Appears to be closed source though. Ciro wonders if he really needs to sell the book for money after all those years though, rather than just publishing it online for free.
Looking at Bert just brings the Dutch Golden Age, and more in particular Antonie van Leeuwenhoek to mind. Epic.
How life is Digital by Bert Hubert (2021)
Source. Just a "boring" overview of the central dogma of molecular biology ;-) Best algorithm for MNIST Updated 2025-07-16
Beta Updated 2025-07-16
Beta (climbing) Updated 2025-07-16
1960 Nobel Prize in Physics Updated 2025-07-16
Biconvex spherical lens Updated 2025-07-16
Each side is a sphere section. They don't have to have the same radius, they are still simple to understand with different radiuses.
The two things you have to have in mind that this does are:
- This is for example why you can use lenses to burn things with Sun rays, which are basically parallel.Conversely, if the input is a point light source at the focal length, it gets converted into parallel light.
- image formation: it converges all rays coming from a given source point to a single point image. This amplifies the signal, and forms an image at a plane.The source image can be far away, and the virtual image can be close to the lens. This is exactly what we need for a camera.
Bicycle tire sizes Updated 2025-07-16
Yes, Sheldon he has separate American and British English versions of pages!!!
For example, Kross bicycle (2017) had a Schwalbe tyre with markings:When inflated, the tires were about 3.5cm wide as measured with a ruler.
And the Mavic A319 rim had markings:
622x19C
In this:
- ISO (Etrto): 42-622. So:
- 42 is the inner rim width. The actual inflated tire is going to be even wider.
- 622 is the bead seat diameter. The actual inflated tire is going to be even wider.
- imperial: 28 x 1.60
- French: 700x40C:
- meaning of the "C" asked at: bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/16190/what-does-the-c-in-bicycle-tire-size-mean
Ciro Santilli's hardware Trek FX 3 2021 Updated 2026-03-05
www.tritoncycles.co.uk/urban-bikes-c4/hybrid-c30/trek-fx-3-equipped-urban-bike-2021-p39860/s102315 XL color Dnister Black. £675.00 plus £35.00 delivery. Disc breaks, 2x9 gears. Bought 2023 on a bit of a sale.
The 2020 one on official website: www.trekbikes.com/gb/en_GB/bikes/hybrid-bikes/fitness-bikes/fx/fx-3-disc/p/28474/ archive.ph/wip/jMDdw TODO find 2021.
Specs upon buying:
Gears: 11-36T on back, 46-30T on front. So min speed is 30/36 = 0.83 and max is 46/11 = 4.18, so range is 4.18 / 0.83 ~= 5. Compared to Kross which was 11-32 on back vs 48-28 on front, so min 28/32 = 0.875 and max 48/11 = 4.36. So the ranges are very comparable! This confirms Ciro's suspicion that 3 speeds on cranckset is just useless.
I was sized just at the lower limit of XL, but decided to go for it. The seatpost goes all the way into the tube, which is a good thing, might help with noises?
Frame serial under bottom bracket: WTU173C0374S. Registered at: www.bikeregister.com/
Initial impressions:
- on city ride: I'm much more inclined forward than on the Kross bicycle (2017) since this is XL might be a good thing. Let's see on longer countryside ride.
- on rain: the pedal performance is terrible, very slippery!
- the breaks are good, a bit better than the Kross, but not as grippy as ones I've seen.
- It is good that it came with lights. But OMG the DUXO back light is impossible to open!!! Front battery also seemed short, to be checked
- Presta valves suck. I can't inflate it without holding it down with my feet!
I'm unable to place a U-lock carrier on this bike in a way that doesn't block one of the two bottles inside frame, or hits leg on if on side. Tried both Kryptonite and Abus ones I have lying around. Shame. Also the Topeak MTS Trunkbag does not fit well on the pannier rack, it is not wide enough to strap: 11cm outer width, 9cm inner width, same geometry as that of the Liv bike.
Log:
2026-02-13: chain reched .7, changed it to new KMC X9. x9 9 speed chain 114 links. www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B07J38GX7L Started slipping like crazy on cassette when I pedaled hard, changed it to www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B073H3DST7 SHIMANO CS-HG400 9-speed cassette (11-36 teeth) which internet said was compatible and it seems to be. Didn't manage to remove it and needed help from bike shop as usual. After that it stopped slipping.
2025-09-30: kickstand broken while taking it on car. Proceeding to buy Bontrager Rear Mount Adjustable Kickstand www.trekbikes.com/gb/en_GB/equipment/bike-accessories/bike-kickstands/bontrager-rear-mount-adjustable-kickstand/p/36015/ 20 pounds + 4 delivery. The new kickstand is slightly different from the previous one, it is less slick looking, but perhaps a bit more sturdy, notably the little arm is shorter which might help prevent the previous failure mode. It came with 3 types of screws, but the two of correct diameter were a bit shorter or longer than the old ones so I just kept the old ones.
2025-09-13: chain reached 0.75, rebuying KMC X9. x9 9 speed chain 114 links. www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B07J38GX7L
2025-08: rear mudgard broke in the exact same way as last time, so I'm saying fuck this bullshit and I just fixed it up with some wire which will likely be more resistant than the shitty metal thing they had.
2025-06-26: I suddenly lost the ability to shift the front gear, cable seemed fine, upon inspection I noticed that the pedal could move sideways. Maybe linked to screeching sound that has been coming from that area for a while. As per www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPQyQnNdews leading to www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqBtB8Kyl2U this is a different system from the Kross one, two piece compression slotted rather than 3 piece. The side to side issue is mentioned precisely at: youtu.be/QqBtB8Kyl2U?t=357 Buying the standalone removal tool: www.amazon.co.uk/Professional-Extracto-Compatible-Hollowtech-Maintenance/dp/B0DP6QF11X Fixing it fixed the shift issue, but I noticed that the little plastic piece was broken. Also a few days later it became loose again during a ride, but thankfully I had the tool and put it back mid rid. TODO wanted to rebuy it but it's really hard to find... Going to try this one: www.bikeparts.co.uk/products/shimano-altus-fc-mt210-chainset-46-30-9-speed-black-170-mm-w-o-chainguard 175 mm and see if it comes with both arms. Bought it. has both arms. But I can't fit it, appears to be 1 or 2 mm short compared to the other cranck, the new arm does go on the old crank. There is a small rubber seal that is perhaps not too well inserted which might be to blame? Fuck my life! On the old one, it seems to be fully inserted into a tight hole. I didn't manage to insert the new one enough to make it fit, but if I remove it then it fits... just removing it for now then, how important could that be? Famous last words. Web says 12-14 nM torque on holding screws.
2025-06: rebuying 2x Shimano B05S brake pads, breaking is not too great and I don't want to repeat last year's episode of on-road failure. Will also be bleeding for the second time, God help me. The old pads weren't too bad, but I replaced them anyways. The bleeding was a failure and the brakes were too soft to be useful at the end, fuck. Went to two bike shops, both said bleeding not too bad, one said likely problem was contamination/friction issues. Tried cleaning rotors further, improved. Buying sandpaper and new rotors as well 2x SHIMANO SM-RT26 6-Bolt Disc Rotor and also got two more brake pads, totalling 3 new before I start putting them in with new rotor.
2025-04: rear shift cable snapped near shifter when going over a cattle grid, was already a bit off in the previous days after last adjust I then noticed. I'll buy a SHIMANO Gear Inner Wire Y60098070 on Amazon and might pass by bike shop as well I'll see.
2025-03: rear middle metal connection broke off read mudguard. Rebuying £21.04 from: www.tritoncycles.co.uk/frames-forks-c6/frame-fork-spares-c152/eurofender-snello-700c-fenders-46mm-rear-p33330/s93941 Quite disappointed with that, didn't come with any screws, though perhaps these are frame dependant. And the drilling was a bit different, this model seems to be intended to have some wiring passing inside via some rubber tubes that I removed, and unfortunately the hole on front was too high up and didn't match up with the screw hole on frame. I just removed the broken metal piece from it and put it on the old mudguard.
2024-09: buying CHUMXINY Brake Bleed Kit: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0CXDQ2S1S I hope I don't regret this. But I can't find an original one on Amazon either so... £12.74. Quality is a bit crap but seems to work. The 7mm wrench however is so bad that it can't unscrew a 7mm nut.
2024-09: chain reached 0.75, rebuying KMC X9. x9 9 speed chain 114 links: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B07J38GX7L
2024-09: when going down a hill in intense breaking, noise started coming from back disk brake. Tried to adjust, but made it worse, had to bail out on nearby bike shop. Readjusted, told me to replace back pads and likely bleed. Bought two Shimano B05S brake pads to replace the B01S that came with the bike, Internet says compatible. Brake maintenance finally caught up with me, it was a great summer and I kept putting it off. Changed just the back one for now, front still has life it seems.
2024-06: noticed a sideways lump on back tyre between spoke 23 and 24 when washing. The only sign of damage was internal near grip part, I could see some clear shearing... God those tyres are crap, or at least crap to what I've subjected them. Inner tube and outside seem perfect, so weird. If only the Schawlbe had worked! But OK now I'm forced to get something new and better, thinking:They had a Schwalbe Marathon Plus 700x35c (non-Tour, as that one didn't fit as per previous experiment) on the shop and I went for it. They said 35c was the maximum recommended for that mudgard which is a bit of a shame, but good to know. Also getting one from Amazon to match on front as shop only had one.
- www.trekbikes.com/gb/en_GB/equipment/cycling-components/bike-tyres/hybrid-bike-tyres/bontrager-h2-hard-case-ultimate-reflective-hybrid-tyre/p/31553 seems Schwalbe like, but will it fit?
2024-04: micropuncture on front tube? Could not identify during ride, refilled and was OK to get home. Almost no pressure in middle of ride. Passed through some deep water which may have made things worse? Had a small pice of glass-like material stuck in tyre, but didn't seem to penetrate? One day and a half later, was full empty again after full fill without riding, so confirming micropuncture theory. Buying 2x Conti Tube Cross 28 (700C) presta inner tubes.
Tried to put a spare Schwalbe Men's Marathon Plus Tour 700x40C on the bike to get better stability. It seemed to fit the wheel quite well, but unfortunately failed to go well in the fork because it was too tall and hit the mudgard. Without mudgard it might work. Measured height was 6cm for Schwalbe vs 5.3cm for the stock one.
2024-02: another broken spoke... what crappy weak wheels!!! Bought Bavel 290 mm spokes 36pcs 14G J Bend Silver. Broken position was 22nd clockwise from inner tube valve hole.
2023-12: broken spoke! Also had to replace nipple because broke inside nipple. At least learned how to change tire at last.
2023-05: buying another pair of Shimano 324 combination pedals for it: www.wiggle.com/p/shimano-m324-combination-pedals
2023-05: 2x Elite custom race cage water bottle frame cages, felt great, much better than those on the Kross! www.elite-it.com/en/products/bottle-cages/fibre-reinforced-material-frp/custom-race
2023-05: Kask Rapido Medium Black/Yellow fluo helmet, got a more racy helmet too! 69 pounds, way more any previous helmet I've owned: www.kask.com/en/cycling/helmets/rapido_24_2.htm
2023-05: Lezyne hand pump, I think Sport Drive HP? ride.lezyne.com/collections/hand-pumps/products/sport-drive-hp
2023-05: Lezyne V-Pro 10 multi-tool ride.lezyne.com/products/v-pro-tool No spoke wrench unfortunately.
Initial equipment:
Annotated copypasta:Weight limit: This bike has a maximum total weight limit (combined weight of bicycle, rider and cargo) of 136 kg (300 lb)
- Frame: Alpha Gold Aluminium, DuoTrap S-compatible, internal cable routing, flat-mount disc, rack and mudguard mounts, 135x5 mm QR
- Mudguard/rack mounts: Alloy
- Hub front: Formula DC-20, alloy, 6-bolt, 5x100 mm QR
- Hub rear: Formula DC-22, alloy, 6-bolt, Shimano 8/9/10 freehub, 135x5 mm QR
- Rim: Bontrager Tubeless Ready Disc, 32-hole, Presta valve. TODO identify precisely. But presumably something like: www.tritoncycles.co.uk/components-c9/wheels-c126/affinity-tlr-32h-6-bolt-disc-700c-road-wheel-p25441/s79099 which says: Alloy double-wall rim with 21mm internal, 26mm external width
- Spokes: 14 g stainless steel. Not documented, but measured in store: 290mm.
- Tyre: Bontrager H2 Comp, wire bead, 30 tpi, 700x32c. Link was: www.trekbikes.com/us/en_US/equipment/cycling-components/bike-tires/hybrid-bike-tires/bontrager-h2-comp-hybrid-tire/p/31551/ but they don't sell that crap anymore? A bit weak. At shop said 35c is max recommended width.
- Shifter: Size: M, L, XL - Shimano Acera M3000, 9-speed | Size: M, L, XL - Shimano Acera M3000, 2 -speed
- Front derailleur: Shimano Acera T3000, 34.9 mm clamp, top swing, dual pull
- Rear derailleur: Shimano Alivio M3100, long cage
- Crank: Size: Shimano MT210-2, 46/30, chain guard, 175 mm length
- Cassette: Shimano HG200, 11-36, 9-speed
- Chain: KMC X9. x9 9 speed chain. Official page: www.kmcchain.com/en/product/bicycle-chain-x9-9-speed so crappy does not say link count! But presumably the 114 that is most common on most sites.
- Pedal: Bontrager City pedals. www.trekbikes.com/gb/en_GB/equipment/cycling-components/bike-pedals/platform-pedals/bontrager-city-pedal-set/p/35291/ Bontrager City Pedal Set 9/16-inch (15 mm). Installs with a 6 mm hex key or flat 15 mm pedal wrench.
- Saddle: Bontrager H1
- Seatpost: Bontrager alloy, 27.2 mm, 12 mm offset, 330 mm length
- Handlebar: Size: M - Bontrager Satellite Plus IsoZone, alloy, 31.8 mm, 15 mm rise, 600 mm width | Size: L, XL - Bontrager Satellite Plus IsoZone, alloy, 31.8 mm, 15 mm rise, 660 mm width
- Grips: Bontrager Satellite IsoZone Plus, lock-on, ergonomic
- Stem: Size: M, L - Bontrager Elite, 31.8 mm clamp, Blendr-compatible, 7-degree, 100 mm length | Size: XL - Bontrager Elite, 31.8 mm clamp, Blendr-compatible, 7-degree, 110 mm length
- Headset: 1-1/8" threadless, sealed cartridge bearings
- Brake: Shimano MT201 hydraulic disc, flat-mount, 160 mm rotor
- Brake rotor: Shimano RT26, 6-bolt,160 mm
- Brake pad: Brake Pad Shimano Resin Disc Pad B01S RESIN
- Light: Size: M, L, XL - Spanninga Duxo XB, battery-powered | Size: M, L, XL - AXA Greenline 35, USB rechargeable
- Kickstand: Alloy, rear-mount kickstand. More precisely looks like: Bontrager Rear Mount Adjustable Kickstand www.trekbikes.com/gb/en_GB/equipment/bike-accessories/bike-kickstands/bontrager-rear-mount-adjustable-kickstand/p/36015/
- Cargo rack: Alloy rear rack
- Mudguard: Eurofender Snello. Looks like this one: www.trekbikes.com/gb/en_GB/equipment/bike-accessories/bike-mudguards-and-accessories/bike-mudguards/eurofender-snello-700c-fender-set/p/31699/
- Approx. Weight: L - 13.17 kg / 29.04 lbs
Big companies manage to publish white papers in peer reviewed journals Updated 2025-07-16
Big companies like Google are able to publish white papers as peer reviewed papers just due to their reputation, e.g. without giving any source code that is central for the article.
It is insane.
E.g.: AlphaGo is closed source but published as www.nature.com/articles/natnure16961 in 2016 on Nature.
Big O notation family Updated 2025-07-16
Bilinear form Updated 2025-07-16
Analogous to a linear form, a bilinear form is a Bilinear map where the image is the underlying field of the vector space, e.g. .
Some definitions require both of the input spaces to be the same, e.g. , but it doesn't make much different in general.
The most important example of a bilinear form is the dot product. It is only defined if both the input spaces are the same.
Bilinear map Updated 2025-07-16
Linear map of two variables.
More formally, given 3 vector spaces X, Y, Z over a single field, a bilinear map is a function from:that is linear on the first two arguments from X and Y, i.e.:Note that the definition only makes sense if all three vector spaces are over the same field, because linearity can mix up each of them.
The most important example by far is the dot product from , which is more specifically also a symmetric bilinear form.
Bill Gates Updated 2025-07-16
The enemy?
You must watch this: Video "Bill Gates vs Steve Jobs by Epic Rap Battles of History (2012)".
It does not matter how many trillions you donate to charity, Bill. If you want to prove your point, make MS Word free and open source and port it to Linux. And then Window implements POSIX-compatible APIs and then deprecate non-POSIX APIs.
Bill Gates Jumps Over Chair
. Source. Binet Gaussienne Updated 2025-07-16
This is likely a joke binet, but the idea is epic: its members would in principle take the hardest courses and purposefully get bad grades on them to improve the grades of others, as grades are always normalized to a normal distribution.
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.