Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 35

The key difference from Lagrangian mechanics is that the Hamiltonian approach groups variables into pairs of coordinates called the phase space coordinates:This leads to having two times more unknown functions than in the Lagrangian. However, it also leads to a system of partial differential equations with only first order derivatives, which is nicer. Notably, it can be more clearly seen in phase space.

Bibliography:

One, single. Actual word: μόνος.

Lowercase looks like a lowercase letter N for some reason.

Two lower case variants... both used in mathematical notation, and for some reason, in LaTeX \varphi is the one that actually looks like the default standard modern lowercase phi, while \phi is the weird one. I love life.

Related to what does it mean that photons are force carriers for electromagnetism?.

There is a Turing machine that halts for every member of the language with the answer yes, but does not necessarily halt for non-members.

Non-examples: cs.stackexchange.com/questions/52503/non-recursively-enumerable-languages

As per classification of finite fields those must be of prime power order.

Video "Finite fields made easy by Randell Heyman (2015)" at youtu.be/z9bTzjy4SCg?t=159 shows how for order $9=3\times 3$. Basically, for order $p^n$, we take:For a worked out example, see: GF(4).

This is how you transform the Lagrangian into the Hamiltonian.

Set of eigenvalues of a linear operator.

This is generally good, especially compared to how crappy Evince, the default Ubuntu one, has been around 2014-2020.