There is a Notable section of I, Claudius that stuck with Ciro Santilli:
The idea of writing the history pleased me very much: I felt that historical justice had never been done to the Carthaginians. I spent my leisure time in making a study of the ruins of the Old City, with the help of a contemporary survey, and familiarizing myself with the geography of the country in general. I also learned the rudiments of the language well enough to be able to read simple inscriptions and understand the few Phoenician words used by authors who have written about the Punic Wars from the Roman side. When I returned to Italy I began to write the book concurrently with my Etruscan history. I like having two tasks going at the same time: when I tire of one I turn to the other. But I am perhaps too careful a writer. I am not satisfied merely with copying from ancient authorities while there is any possible means of checking their statements by consulting other sources of information on the same subject, particularly accounts by writers of rival political parties. So these two histories, each of which I could have written in a year or two if I had been less conscientious, kept me busy between them for some twenty-five years. For every word I wrote I must have read many hundreds; and in the end I became a very good scholar both of Etruscan and Phoenician, and had a working knowledge of several other languages and dialects too, such as Numidian, Egyptian, Oscan, and Faliscan. I finished the History of Carthage first.
Updates OurBigBook Project Update March 2025 by
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2025-11-05 Updated 2025-11-21
This is a summary of the status of the OurBigBook Project, focusing notably on the past 9 months that I've been able to devote fully to it starting June 2024 notably due to the anonymous 1000 Monero donation and other supporters.
I have 3 months left and after unless some crazy person gives more money, I'll go back to some generic programming job that could be done by many other people so that my wife won't kill me. Hopefully I'll find something in quantum computing or AGI research this time that is not too boring, but we'll see.
I should also note that I have raised my requirement for a second year full time from 100k USD to 200k USD, such that there are about only 144k USD missing as of writing, a bargain. See also Section "Sponsor Ciro Santilli's work on OurBigBook.com". I have also set a 2M USD retirement goal in case someone wants to free me to lurk after university students for the rest of my life. Creepy.
The reason for this increase is partly because I'm jealous watching my university peers getting relatively richer and richer than me. More seriously though, as I'm likely going to be looking for a job soon, I don't want to scare employers off too much thinking that it is likely that I'll be leaving in a few months too easily. Plus inflation and the natural lack of security that such endeavour brings.
Updates Getting banned from Project Euler by
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2025-10-27 Updated 2025-11-05
I have been banned from Project Euler for life, and cannot login to my previous account projecteuler.net/profile/cirosantilli.pn
The ban happened within 12 hours of me publishing a solution to Project Euler problem 961 github.com/lucky-bai/projecteuler-solutions/pull/94 which was one-shot by a free GPT-5 account as MathArena had alerted me to being possible: matharena.ai/?comp=euler--euler&task=4&model=GPT-5+%28high%29&run=1
The problem leaderboard contains several people solved the problem within minutes of it being released, so almost certainly with an LLM.
The "secret club" mentality is their only blemish, and incompatible with open science.
They should also make sure that LLMs don't one shot their future problems BEFORE publishing them!
Numerical solution:
1038733707Programs:
A naive
T in Python is:from collections import deque
def T(a: int, b: int, N: int) -> int:
total = a
q = deque([a] * (a - 1))
is_a = False
for i in range(N - 1):
cur = q.popleft()
total += cur
q.extend([a if is_a else b] * cur)
is_a = not is_a
return total
assert T(2, 3, 10) == 25
assert T(4, 2, 10**4) == 30004
assert T(5, 8, 10**6) == 649987122332223332233 which has 14 digits.Maybe if
T is optimized enough, then we can just bruteforce over the ~40k possible sum ranges 2 to 223. 1 second would mean 14 hours to do them all, so bruteforce but doable. Otherwise another optimization step may be needed at that level as well: one wonders if multiple sums can be factored out, or if the modularity can of the answer can help in a meaningful way. The first solver was ecnerwala using C/C++ in 1 hour, so there must be another insight missing, unless they have access to a supercomputer.The first idea that comes to mind to try and optimize
T is that this is a dynamic programming, but then the question is what is the recurrence relation.The sequence appears to be a generalization of the Kolakoski sequence but to numbers other than 1 and 2, also known as the Generalized Kolakoski sequence.
maths-people.anu.edu.au/~brent/pd/Kolakoski-ACCMCC.pdf "A fast algorithm for the Kolakoski sequence" might provide the solution, the paper says:and provides exactly a recurrence relation and a dynamic programming approach.
www.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/8df7sm/20180419_challenge_357_intermediate_kolakoski/ might offer some reference implementations. It references a longer slide by Brent: maths-people.anu.edu.au/~brent/pd/Kolakoski-UNSW.pdf
www.reddit.com/r/algorithms/comments/8cv3se/kolakoski_sequence/ asks for an implementation but no one gave anything. Dupe question: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2740997/kolakoski-sequence contains an answer with Python and Rust code but just for the original 1,2 case.
github.com/runbobby/Kolakoski has some C++ code but it is not well documented so it's not immediately easy to understand what it actually does. It does appear to consider the m n case however.
Bibligraphy:
- pubs.sciepub.com/tjant/5/4/4/index.html Some Formulas for the Generalized Kolakoski Sequence Kol(a, b) by Abdallah Hammam. Maybe these identities could be useful.
People who do cool open tech stuff when don't need money anymore are awesome:
- François Chollet, project founder: www.linkedin.com/in/fchollet/ 9 years at Google from 2015 to 2024. He founded ARC while he was still at Google though, so maybe doesn't coun
- Cristiano Calgano from cristianoc/arc-agi-2-abstraction-dataset. Imperial College London researcher who founded a formal verification company and sold it to Facebook where he staid for 7 years
- Benjamin Crouzier from Tufa Labs
Benjamin has a masters in Computer Science and applied ML to quant finance previously, tufalabs.ai/team.html mentions:
From another awesome retired tech bro that does this project for fun.
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.