This section discusses techniques that can be used to make LLMs infer with lower latency or greater throughput.
In discrete GPUs, VRAM is RAM memory that lives on the GPU's PCB.
They are located in separate chips to the GPU's compute, since just like for CPUs, you can't put both on the same chip as the manufacturing processes are different and incompatible.
Integrated GPUs don't have VRAM and just instead use the same RAM as the CPU.
Has some data, but appears less complete than WhoisXMLAPI at a quick glance.
A "DNS database" is a database that stores DNS records, notably A-records, which IP a domains is hosted at.
For currently live domains, domain to IP can of course be easily determined on the fly by just resolving the domain like the browser does, e.g.
cirosantilli.com
What is hard however is:
  • the other way around is harder however: given an IP, list all domains that it hosts. This is known as "reverse IP" searching.
  • historic data, i.e. what was the IP for a given domain at a given date and vice versa
As of 2023, working with DNS data is just going through a mish-mash of closed datasets/expensive APIs.
Some links of interest:
Zip2 by Ciro Santilli 37 2025-08-08
Video 1.
Elon Musk and internet startups vs. Microsoft by CBS Sunday Morning (1998)
Source.

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