Controlled quantum gates are gates that have two types of input qubits:These gates can be understood as doing a certain unitary operation only if the control qubits are enabled or disabled.
- control qubits
- operand qubits (terminology made up by Ciro Santilli just now)
Generic controlled quantum gate symbol
. Source. When the operand has a conventional symbol, e.g. the Figure "Quantum NOT gate symbol" for the quantum NOT gate to form the CNOT gate, that symbol is used in the operand instead.
The most common way to construct multi-qubit gates is to use single-qubit gates as part of a controlled quantum gate.
The quantum NOT gate swaps the state of and , i.e. it maps:As a result, this gate also inverts the probability of measuring 0 or 1, e.g.
- if the old probability of 0 was 0, then it becomes 1
- if the old probability of 0 was 0.2, then it becomes 0.8
The Hadamard gate takes or (quantum states with probability 1.0 of measuring either 0 or 1), and produces states that have equal probability of 0 or 1.
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