Forms the bacterial cell wall.
From the Wikipedia image we can see clearly the polymer structure formed: it is a mesh with:
- sugar covalent bond chains in one direction. These have two types of monosaccharide, NAM and NAG
- peptide chains on the other, and only coming off from NAM
Peptidoglycan polymer structure
. Source. 
Session reports of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences at Berlin by 
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16Publications by the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
Links to their publications: de.wikisource.org/wiki/Sitzungsberichte_der_K%C3%B6niglich_Preu%C3%9Fischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_zu_Berlin
Notable papers:
Inscription added by Satoshi Nakamoto on the Genesis block containing:which is a reference to: www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chancellor-alistair-darling-on-brink-of-second-bailout-for-banks-n9l382mn62h wihch is fully titled:The "Alistair" was slikely removed due to limited payload concerns.
And it hints that one of Bitcoin's motivation was the financial crisis of 2007-2008, where banks were given bailouts by the government to not go under, which many people opposed as the crisis was their own fault in the first place. A notable related stab is taken at Len Sassaman tribute.
We can extract the image from the blockchain ourselves by starting from: blockchain.info/block-height/0?format=json.
From that page we manually extract the hash and that does contain the famous genesis block string:The JSON clarifies that the data is encoded in the
000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f and then:wget -O 0.hex https://blockchain.info/block/000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f?format=hex
xxd -p -r 0.hexEThe Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banksscript field of the transaction input:{
{
"script":"04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73"The extra where:
E (0x45 in ASCII) in EThe Times is just extra noise required by the script, we can break things up as:04ffff001d0104 45 5468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b7354isT- the
04ffff001d0104part just doesn't show up on the terminal because it is not made of any printable characters.
The initial
04 is OP_RETURN.TODO what is actual the meaning of the
ffff001d010445 part? @defango twitter.com/defango/status/1642750851134652417 comments:04ffff001d0104 is a hexadecimal string. It is commonly used in the Bitcoin network as a part of the mining process. Specifically, it is used as the target value for a block to be considered valid by the Bitcoin network.
- battery life:
- 2023-04: on-browser streaming + light browsing on Ubuntu 22.10: about 2h45. Too low! Gotta try buying a new battery.
- 2022-01-04 updated firmward after noticing that ubuntu 21.10 does not wake up from suspend seemed to happen every time when not connected to external power.
dmidecodediff excerpt:used the "Ubuntu Software" GUI as mentioned at: support.lenovo.com/gb/en/solutions/ht510810-how-to-do-software-updates-linux. Kudos for making this accessible to newbs.BIOS Information Vendor: LENOVO - Version: N1UET40W (1.14 ) - Release Date: 09/28/2017 + Version: N1UET71W (1.45 ) + Release Date: 07/18/2018After doing that, another update became available to: 0.1.56, clicked it and was much faster than the previous one, and didn't auto reboot. After manual reboot,dmidecodediffed again:plus a bunch of other lines.BIOS Information Vendor: LENOVO - Version: N1UET71W (1.45 ) - Release Date: 07/18/2018 + Version: N1UET82W (1.56 ) + Release Date: 08/12/2021 - 2021-06-05 upgraded to Ubuntu 21.04 with a clean install from an ISO. SelectedAfter this, the GUI felt fast, who would have thought that erasing a bunch of stuff would make the system faster!
- "Minimal installation"
- "Erase disk and install Ubuntu". Notably, this erased the Microsoft Windows that came with the computer and was never used not even once
- "Erase disk ans use ZFS"
- Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security
lsblkcontains:andzd0 230:0 0 500M 0 disk └─keystore-rpool 253:0 0 484M 0 crypt /run/keystore/rpool nvme0n1 259:0 0 476.9G 0 disk ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi ├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 2G 0 part │ └─cryptoswap 253:1 0 2G 0 crypt ├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 2G 0 part └─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 472.4G 0 partlsblk -f:zd0 crypto_LUKS 2 └─keystore-rpool ext4 1.0 keystore-rpool nvme0n1 ├─nvme0n1p1 vfat FAT32 ├─nvme0n1p2 crypto_LUKS 2 │ └─cryptoswap ├─nvme0n1p3 zfs_member 5000 bpool └─nvme0n1p4 zfs_member 5000 rpooThen:contains:grep '[rb]pool' /proc/mountswhich gives an idea of how the above map to mountpoints.rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq / zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/USERDATA/ciro_czngbg /home/ciro zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/USERDATA/root_czngbg /root zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/srv /srv zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/usr/local /usr/local zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/games /var/games zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/log /var/log zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/lib /var/lib zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/mail /var/mail zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/snap /var/snap zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/www /var/www zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/spool /var/spool zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/lib/AccountsService /var/lib/AccountsService zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/lib/NetworkManager /var/lib/NetworkManager zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/lib/apt /var/lib/apt zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq/var/lib/dpkg /var/lib/dpkg zfs rw,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0 bpool/BOOT/ubuntu_uvs1fq /boot zfs rw,nodev,relatime,xattr,posixacl 0 0
2020-06-06: dropped some lemon juice on the bottom left of touchpad. Bottom left button not working anymore... I'm an idiot. There are many other alternatives, but very aggravating, I'll replace it for sure. Can't find the exact replacement part or any videos showing its replacement online easliy, dang. For the T430: www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3lzV9uXRjU Asked at: forums.lenovo.com/t5/ThinkPad-P-and-W-Series-Mobile-Workstations/P51-left-bottom-button-below-trackpad-mouse-left-click-stopped-working-possible-to-replace/m-p/5019903 Also I could not access it because you need to remove the HDD first: www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Klawxc7T_Y and I can't pull it out even with considerable force, unlike in the video... And OMG, those button caps are impossible to re-install once removed!!! Then when I put the whole thing back together, the upper buttons were not working anymore. FUUUUUUUUCK. When first opening I pulled on it without properly removing the cap and it came off, but it didn't look broken in any way and I put it back in. Keyboard works thank God, so right black connector is fine, left white one oppears to be the one for upper keys and trackpoint, both of which stopped working. The hardware manual confirms that they are both part of the same device, so basically a mouse :-) TODO can it be bought separately from te keyboard? Doesn't look like it, photo of keyboard part includes those buttons. The manual also confirms that the bottom buttons are one device with the trackpad "trackpad with buttons", thus forming the second entire mouse.
2019-04-17: popup asking about "ThinkPad P51 Management Engine Update" from from 182.29.3287 to 184.60.3561, said yes.
- partition setup: askubuntu.com/questions/343268/how-to-use-manual-partitioning-during-installation/976430#976430
- BIOS:
- for NVIDIA driver:
- for KVM, required by Android Emulator: enable virtualization extensions
- TODO fix the brightness keys:
Bibliography:
- www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02559-9 The quest to map the mouse brain by Diana Kwon (2023)
Ciro Santilli has felt that perhaps what is missing in 2020's AGI research is:
- the interface between:The key question is somewhat how to extract symbols out of the space-time continuous experiences.
- the continuous/noisy level (now well developed under artificial neural network techniques of the 2010's)
- and symbolic AI level AI
- more specialized accelerators that somehow interface with more generic artificial neural networks. Notably some kind of speialized processing of spacial elements is obviously hardcoded into the brain, see e.g. Section "Grid cell"
Forcing these boundaries to be tested was one of the main design goals of Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games.
In those games, for example:Therefore, those continuous objects would also have "magic" effects that could not be explained by "simple" "what is touching what" ideas.
- when you press a button here, a door opens somewhere far away
- when you touch certain types of objects, a chemical reaction may happen, but not other types of objects
Bibliography:
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