Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects on visible matter. It is believed to make up about 27% of the universe's mass-energy content, while ordinary matter (like stars and planets) constitutes only about 5%. The remaining 68% is attributed to dark energy, which is thought to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Experiments for dark matter search are scientific endeavors aimed at detecting and understanding dark matter, a mysterious form of matter that makes up about 27% of the universe's mass-energy content but does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. ### Types of Dark Matter Experiments 1. **Direct Detection Experiments**: - These experiments attempt to detect dark matter particles directly interacting with regular matter.
ANAIS-112 is a dark matter detection experiment that aims to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are hypothetical particles proposed as candidates for dark matter. The ANAIS experiment, which stands for "Annual modulation with NaI(Tl) Scintillators," is located at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain.
The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (A-TIC) is a specialized detector used in particle physics and high-energy physics experiments to measure the energy of charged particles. It is designed to exploit the principle of ionization, where charged particles lose energy as they traverse a material, producing ionization and scintillation light in the process.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a state-of-the-art particle physics experiment module designed to study cosmic rays and search for various forms of matter, including dark matter and antimatter. It was developed by a collaboration of scientists and engineers from multiple institutions, led by Nobel laureate Samuel Ting. The AMS is mounted on the International Space Station (ISS) and has been operational since May 2011.
ArDM (Argon Dark Matter) is a proposed experiment designed to search for dark matter particles using liquid argon as the detection medium. Dark matter is a form of matter that makes up a significant portion of the universe's mass-energy content but does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it difficult to detect directly. In the ArDM experiment, liquid argon is utilized because it can produce clear signals when particles interact with it.
The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) is an experimental initiative designed to search for axions, which are hypothetical particles proposed as a candidate for dark matter. Dark matter makes up about 27% of the universe's total mass-energy content, yet it has not been directly observed. Axions are predicted by certain theories in particle physics, notably in the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The ADMX primarily aims to detect axions by exploiting their expected interactions with electromagnetic fields.
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is an experimental facility designed to search for axions, which are hypothetical elementary particles predicted by certain theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Specifically, axions are proposed as solutions to the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and are also considered as candidates for dark matter.
The China Dark Matter Experiment, also known as the China JinPing Underground Laboratory (CJPL) project, is a significant scientific initiative aimed at detecting dark matter particles. Located in the Jinping Mountain, Sichuan province, it is one of the deepest underground laboratories in the world. The facility is designed to minimize interference from cosmic rays and other background radiation, which is crucial for experiments aimed at detecting the elusive dark matter.
CoGeNT (Coherent Germanium Neutrino Technology) is a dark matter detection experiment that was designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are candidates for dark matter. The experiment utilized germanium semiconductor detectors to look for the rare nuclear recoil events that would be expected if WIMPs were interacting with normal matter.
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) is an experimental program designed to detect and study dark matter, which is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects on visible matter. CDMS specifically focuses on searching for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are one of the leading theoretical candidates for dark matter.
Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon (CLEAN) is a scientific endeavor aimed at exploring fundamental questions in astrophysics and particle physics using cryogenic techniques and neon as a target medium. The concept revolves around using low-temperature environments to detect weakly interacting particles, such as dark matter candidates and light neutrinos, which are expected to be present in the universe.
Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers (CRESST) is a scientific experiment designed to detect rare events, particularly those that may be linked to dark matter particles. This initiative is part of a broader field of research focused on understanding the fundamental constituents of matter and the potential existence of dark matter, which is thought to account for a significant portion of the universe's mass. ### Key Elements of CRESST 1.
DAMA/LIBRA (DArk Matter annual Modulation search with noble Elements / Large sodium Iodide bulk for RAre processes) is an experiment designed to detect dark matter particles. It is located underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The experiment focuses on observing potential interactions between dark matter and normal matter, particularly through the use of large sodium iodide (NaI) crystals as detectors.
DAMA/NaI is an experiment designed to search for dark matter candidates, particularly weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The name "DAMA" stands for "DArk MAtter," and "NaI" refers to sodium iodide, the material used in the experiment. DAMA operates using sodium iodide crystals that are sensitive to the small energy deposits that might result from dark matter interactions.
DEAP, which stands for Digital Emotion Analysis Program, is a framework commonly used for sentiment analysis and emotion recognition from text. It incorporates a variety of techniques, often leveraging machine learning and natural language processing (NLP), to analyze textual data and extract emotional content. However, it’s worth noting that "DEAP" can refer to different things in different contexts.
DarkSide is an experimental program designed to search for dark matter, a hypothesized form of matter that does not emit or interact with electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. Specifically, the DarkSide project focuses on direct detection methods, aiming to observe interactions between dark matter particles and standard matter. The flagship experiment within the DarkSide program is the DarkSide-20k, which is being developed to utilize a large volume of liquid argon as the target material.
A Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is a type of particle detector designed to search for dark matter interactions, specifically weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are one of the leading candidates for dark matter. The TPC combines the principles of time projection chambers with specialized materials and techniques suited for detecting the minute interactions that dark matter particles might produce.
Directional Recoil Identification from Tracks (DRIFT) is a technique used in particle physics, particularly in the context of detecting dark matter. This method relies on the tracking of particles that are produced when a dark matter candidate interacts with normal matter in a detector. In essence, when a dark matter particle collides with an atomic nucleus, it can impart energy and cause the nucleus to recoil. The recoiling nucleus then travels through the detector material, leaving behind a track.
EDELWEISS can refer to several things depending on the context: 1. **Edelweiss (Flower)**: A perennial plant known scientifically as Leontopodium alpinum, commonly found in mountainous regions of Europe. It is characterized by its star-shaped white flowers and is often associated with the Alps. The flower has become a symbol of the Swiss Alps and is often linked to themes of purity and rugged beauty.
The European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array (EURECA) is a scientific project focused on the search for rare and elusive events, particularly in the field of particle physics and astrophysics. Specifically, it aims to investigate dark matter candidates, such as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), through direct detection experiments.
The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a proposed scientific facility designed to search for axions, hypothetical particles that are predicted by certain extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, specifically in theories that address issues such as dark matter and the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics. Axions are extremely light and weakly interacting particles, making their detection quite challenging. The concept behind IAXO involves using a type of experiment known as a "light shining through walls" setup.
Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS) refers to a scientific experiment and collaboration aimed at detecting dark matter, which is a fundamental component of the universe that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible to traditional observational methods. KIMS is primarily focused on using direct detection methods to observe dark matter particles, particularly in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The KIMS collaboration operates underground to minimize interference from cosmic rays and other background radiation.
The LZ experiment, or Large Underground Xenon experiment, is a significant scientific project aimed at detecting dark matter, a mysterious form of matter that makes up a substantial portion of the universe's mass but has yet to be directly observed. The experiment is conducted underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota to shield it from cosmic rays and other background radiation that could interfere with its measurements.
The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment was a significant scientific endeavor aimed at the direct detection of dark matter, specifically focusing on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The experiment was located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, deep underground to shield it from cosmic rays and other sources of background radiation that could interfere with its measurements.
Microlensing is a phenomenon in astrophysics where the light from a distant star is temporarily magnified and distorted due to the gravitational field of a foreground object, usually a star or a planet. This is a direct consequence of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, which predicts that massive objects can bend the path of light passing near them, a concept known as gravitational lensing.
MultiDark is a large cosmological simulation project designed to study the formation and evolution of large-scale structures in the universe, particularly with respect to dark matter and its influence on galaxy formation. The simulation includes a variety of cosmological parameters and uses advanced computational techniques to model and analyze the behavior of dark matter, baryonic matter, and the effects of gravity over vast cosmic scales.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) is an astronomical project aimed at studying microlensing events and the structure of our galaxy, primarily the Milky Way. It was initiated in the early 1990s by a team of researchers from the University of Warsaw in Poland, led by Professor Andrzej Udalski.
The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) detector is a space-based experiment designed to study cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles originating from outer space. Launched in June 2006 aboard the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, PAMELA's primary objectives include: 1. **Studying Cosmic Rays**: PAMELA measures the flux and composition of cosmic rays, focusing mainly on protons, helium nuclei, and heavier atomic nuclei.
PICO is an acronym used to help formulate clinical research questions and guide the search for evidence in evidence-based practice. It stands for: - **P**atient or Problem: This refers to the specific patient group or condition being studied. - **I**ntervention: This is the treatment, intervention, or exposure being investigated. - **C**omparison: This involves the comparator or alternative intervention, which could be a placebo, standard treatment, or different intervention.
PVLAS, which stands for "Polarimetry of Vacuum with LASers," is an experimental physics project aimed at investigating the properties of vacuum and light. Specifically, it seeks to detect potential effects related to the existence of light-shining-through-walls phenomena or axion-like particles.
PandaX, or PandaX Project, is a scientific initiative primarily focused on the direct detection of dark matter. It is part of a series of experiments designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are one of the leading candidates for dark matter. The PandaX experiment utilizes underground sites to minimize interference from cosmic rays and other background radiation, enhancing the chances of detecting rare interactions between dark matter particles and ordinary matter.
SIMPLE (Sodium Iodide with Active Background Rejection for the Light dark matter Experiment) is a dark matter detection experiment designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are a leading candidate for dark matter. The experiment utilizes sodium iodide (NaI) crystals as a target material to detect potential interactions between WIMPs and regular matter.
SNOLAB is a deep underground research laboratory located in Ontario, Canada, primarily focused on astronomy and particle physics research. It is situated about 2 kilometers underground in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) facility, which was originally established for neutrino research. After the SNO experiment concluded in 2006, the facility was converted into SNOLAB to allow for a variety of other experiments.
The UK Dark Matter Collaboration (UKDMC) is a scientific collaborative effort in the United Kingdom focused on the study of dark matter, a mysterious substance that makes up a significant portion of the universe's mass but is not directly detectable through electromagnetic radiation (light). The collaboration brings together researchers from various UK institutions to work on experiments and theoretical investigations aimed at understanding the nature of dark matter. The collaboration typically involves efforts related to direct detection experiments, which aim to observe dark matter particles interacting with normal matter.
The WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) Argon Programme is a scientific initiative focused on the detection of dark matter, a mysterious substance that constitutes a significant portion of the universe's total mass yet does not emit, absorb, or reflect light. One of the leading candidates for dark matter is WIMPs, which are theorized to be massive particles that interact weakly with ordinary matter.
XENON refers to a couple of distinct concepts, depending on the context: 1. **XENON (Noble Gas)**: Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol "Xe" and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature and belongs to the noble gases group in the periodic table.
ZEPLIN-III (ZonEd Proportional scintillation in a LIquid Noble gas) is an experimental particle physics project designed for the detection of dark matter, specifically to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). It is a part of a series of experiments aimed at understanding the nature of dark matter, which constitutes a significant portion of the universe's mass but has yet to be directly observed.
Abell 520, also known as the "Train Wreck Cluster," is a galaxy cluster located in the constellation of Pegasus. It was first cataloged in the Abell catalog of rich galaxy clusters. What makes Abell 520 particularly interesting is its complex structure and the evidence of multiple merging galaxy clusters within it. The nickname "Train Wreck Cluster" originates from the unusual arrangement of galaxies and their dark matter distribution, which suggests that it may be the result of a collision between several clusters.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "Axino" could refer to a few different things depending on context. However, it's not widely recognized as a specific term or entity in mainstream discussions. Here are a couple of possibilities: 1. **Axino Technology**: It could refer to a company or product in the technology sector. There are various companies with similar names, so it would be important to have more context to identify which one you're asking about.
Axion can refer to different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Physics**: In particle physics, an axion is a hypothetical elementary particle that is proposed as a solution to the strong CP (Charge Parity) problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is a lightweight, neutral particle that could help explain why strong interactions do not seem to violate CP symmetry.
Baryonic dark matter refers to a type of dark matter that is composed of baryons, which are particles such as protons and neutrons that make up ordinary matter. In the context of astrophysics and cosmology, "dark matter" refers to a form of matter that does not emit or interact with electromagnetic radiation (light) in a way that we can currently detect, making it "dark.
The Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) is a well-known astronomical object formed by the collision of two galaxy clusters. It is located approximately 3.8 billion light-years away from Earth in the constellation Carina. The Bullet Cluster is particularly significant in astrophysics for several reasons: 1. **Collision of Galaxy Clusters**: The Bullet Cluster is one of the best examples of a merger between two large galaxy clusters.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "Bullet Group" may refer to a few different entities or concepts depending on the context. It's important to clarify your question for accurate information, but potential interpretations include: 1. **Business or Corporate Entity**: There may be a company or organization called Bullet Group operating in various industries, such as marketing, technology, or logistics.
The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a scientific instrument designed to study high-energy cosmic rays, particularly electrons and gamma rays in the energy range from a few GeV (giga-electronvolts) up to several TeV (tera-electronvolts). It was launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2015 as part of a collaborative effort involving institutions from Japan, the United States, and Italy.
Cold dark matter (CDM) is a theoretical form of matter that makes up a significant portion of the total mass-energy content of the universe. It is a critical component in the standard model of cosmology, particularly in the context of the Big Bang theory and structure formation. Here are some key points about cold dark matter: 1. **Nature**: CDM is "cold" in the sense that it moves slowly compared to the speed of light and has low thermal velocities.
The "cuspy halo problem" refers to a discrepancy between predictions made by certain cosmological models regarding the distribution of dark matter in galaxies and observations of their rotational curves. The term "cuspy" refers to the expectation that dark matter density should peak sharply (or "cusped" profile) towards the center of a galaxy, as predicted by simulations based on cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology.
Céline Bœhm is not widely recognized as a public figure in well-documented fields such as entertainment, politics, or science, as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that she may be a private individual or an emerging figure in a specific field that has gained attention after my last update.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, "Daniel McKinsey" does not refer to a notable or widely recognized figure, event, or concept. It's possible that it could be a person's name, but without more context, it's difficult to provide relevant information. If this name has gained prominence or significance after October 2021, I wouldn't have that information.
A "dark-energy star" is a hypothetical astrophysical object that has been proposed in theories discussing the nature of dark energy, which is thought to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. In the context of these theories, dark-energy stars are envisioned as stellar objects that can exhibit properties influenced by dark energy, in contrast to ordinary stars that are primarily governed by electromagnetic and gravitational forces. The concept is largely theoretical and may involve exotic physics beyond the Standard Model of cosmology.
Dark fluid is a theoretical concept in cosmology that attempts to unify dark energy and dark matter into a single framework. In traditional models of the universe, dark energy is associated with the accelerated expansion of the universe, while dark matter is thought to be responsible for the gravitational effects that cannot be accounted for by observable matter. The idea behind dark fluid is that instead of treating dark energy and dark matter as separate entities, they could be manifestations of a single underlying substance or field.
"Dark galaxy" is a term that may refer to a few different concepts in astronomy and cosmology, but it often pertains to regions of space that do not emit light in the visible spectrum, making them difficult to detect and study.
A dark globular cluster is a type of astrophysical object that is essentially a globular cluster of stars but does not appear to contain significant amounts of luminous matter, particularly stars that can be readily observed. Instead, these dark globular clusters may contain a significant amount of dark matter or may be composed of stars that are dim or obscured from view, often due to dust or gas.
A dark photon is a hypothetical particle that arises in certain extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, particularly in theories involving dark matter and hidden sectors. Essentially, a dark photon is a massive vector boson similar to the ordinary photon, but it interacts very weakly with ordinary matter and only couples to the so-called "dark sector" particles. ### Key Features: 1. **Mass**: Unlike the ordinary photon, which is massless, dark photons can have a small mass.
Dark radiation refers to hypothetical particles or forms of energy that may be present in the universe but do not interact with electromagnetic forces, making them invisible and undetectable by conventional means. The term is often used in cosmology and theoretical physics to describe additional forms of energy density that could play a role in the evolution of the universe beyond what is accounted for by ordinary matter (baryonic matter), dark matter, and dark energy.
The term "dark star" can refer to a few different concepts in astrophysics, but it is primarily associated with theoretical stellar objects that are powered by dark matter interactions rather than by nuclear fusion, as normal stars are. ### Key Ideas: 1. **Definition**: A dark star is a hypothetical astronomical object that exists in the early universe, formed when dark matter, which does not interact electromagnetically (i.e.
Darkon, also referred to as "unparticles," is a theoretical concept in particle physics proposed by Howard Georgi in 2007. It suggests the existence of a new type of substance that does not behave like conventional particles. Instead of having a well-defined mass and charge, unparticles are thought to appear as a continuously distributed entity with scaling dimensions that resemble those of a field. The key feature of unparticles is their scale-invariance.
Direct detection of dark matter refers to experimental efforts aimed at observing dark matter particles through their interactions with normal matter. Dark matter is believed to make up about 27% of the universe's mass-energy content, yet it does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. Direct detection experiments primarily focus on identifying weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are among the leading candidates for dark matter.
Euclid is a space mission developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) aimed at studying the geometry of the dark Universe. It is designed to measure the expansion of the Universe and to map the distribution of dark matter and dark energy. The mission’s primary goals are to understand the nature of dark energy and dark matter, investigate the accelerated expansion of the Universe, and explore the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Feebly Interacting Particles (FIPs) refer to hypothetical particles that interact very weakly with standard model particles, making their detection extremely challenging. These particles are of significant interest in various areas of theoretical physics and cosmology, particularly in the search for solutions to some of the outstanding mysteries in the universe, such as dark matter, neutrino masses, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry.
Fuzzy Cold Dark Matter (FCDM) is a theoretical model in cosmology that seeks to address some challenges associated with cold dark matter (CDM) models, particularly at small scales. In the standard cosmological model, cold dark matter is envisioned as non-relativistic particles that interact only via gravity. Traditional CDM models have been successful in explaining large-scale structures of the universe, such as the distribution of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
The Halo Mass Function (HMF) describes the number density of dark matter halos as a function of their mass at a given epoch in the universe. It provides a statistical framework for understanding how many halos exist within a certain mass range per unit volume in the universe. The HMF is a crucial tool in cosmology and astrophysics for studies related to galaxy formation and evolution, large-scale structure, and the distribution of dark matter.
Hot dark matter (HDM) is a theoretical form of dark matter that is characterized by particles that travel at relativistic speeds, meaning they move close to the speed of light. This contrasts with cold dark matter (CDM), which consists of particles that move slowly compared to the speed of light. The concept of hot dark matter primarily includes lightweight particles, such as neutrinos.
Hylogenesis is a term that is not widely used in mainstream biology, so its meaning can vary depending on the context in which it is used. Generally, it can be understood as a concept related to the evolutionary development of organisms or the origin and diversification of biological forms based on their lineage and evolutionary history.
Indirect detection of dark matter refers to methods used to infer the presence of dark matter by observing its potential interactions with ordinary matter or other particles. Unlike direct detection, which seeks to measure the interactions of dark matter particles with regular matter (such as through elastic scattering), indirect detection looks for evidence of the products resulting from dark matter annihilation or decay.
Kerstin Perez may refer to an individual notable for specific achievements, but without more context, it's difficult to provide detailed information. There are various people with that name in different fields, such as academia or public service.
LArIAT, or Liquid Argon In A Testbeam, is an experimental project designed to study liquid argon as a detection medium for neutrinos. It is part of the broader effort to develop and understand the technology needed for future neutrino detectors, particularly those using liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs).
Light dark matter refers to a class of hypothetical dark matter candidates that have a relatively low mass compared to traditional dark matter models like Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). While WIMPs are typically on the scale of hundreds of GeV (giga-electronvolts), light dark matter candidates can have masses that are much smaller, often in the range of a few MeV (mega-electronvolts) to a few GeV.
The lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is a concept from supersymmetry (SUSY), a theoretical framework in particle physics that extends the Standard Model. In SUSY, every Standard Model particle has a superpartner with differing spin characteristics.
MACS J0416.1-2403 is a galaxy cluster located in the constellation of Centaurus. It is part of the Massive Cluster Survey (MACS), which is a project aimed at identifying and studying massive galaxy clusters at high redshifts. This particular cluster is notable for its significant mass and lensing properties. One of the key features of MACS J0416.
A Massive Compact Halo Object (MACHO) is a hypothetical type of astronomical object that is proposed to exist in the halo of galaxies, particularly the Milky Way. MACHOs are believed to be composed of ordinary matter, mainly in the form of objects such as brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, neutron stars, or even black holes. They are "compact" because they have a relatively small size compared to their mass, leading to a high density.
Meta-cold dark matter (MCDM) is a theoretical concept in cosmology and particle physics that extends the idea of cold dark matter (CDM), a type of dark matter that moves slowly compared to the speed of light and is believed to make up a significant portion of the universe's mass. Cold dark matter models have been successful in explaining a wide range of astronomical observations, including the formation of large-scale structures in the universe.
Minicharged particles are hypothetical particles in particle physics that possess a fractional electric charge, typically much smaller than the elementary charge (the charge of an electron or proton, denoted as \( e \)). Instead of carrying a whole number of the fundamental charge, these particles might carry a charge that is a fraction of \( e \), such as \( \epsilon e \), where \( \epsilon \) is a small dimensionless number.
Mirror matter is a hypothetical form of matter that is proposed to exist in a "mirror" version of the ordinary matter we encounter every day. The concept arises from certain theories in particle physics and cosmology, particularly in relation to symmetries in nature. In the context of particle physics, mirror matter would consist of particles that correspond to the known particles but with opposite chirality or "handedness.
Mixed dark matter refers to a theoretical framework in cosmology and astrophysics that posits the existence of multiple types of dark matter particles, which can have different properties and behaviors. Generally, dark matter is understood as a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it undetectable by traditional astronomical instruments. Instead, its presence is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation, and the large-scale structure of the universe.
The Mészáros effect refers to a phenomenon in astrophysics, particularly in the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It is named after the Hungarian astrophysicist Pál Mészáros. The effect is primarily associated with the late-time behavior of GRBs and relates to the mechanisms of energy release and emission from these astronomical events.
Neutralino is a lightweight framework for building cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It enables developers to create applications that can run on multiple operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, without needing to learn platform-specific programming languages or frameworks. Neutralino provides a simple API that allows developers to integrate features commonly found in desktop applications, such as file handling, system notifications, and more, while leveraging the ease of web development.
A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is part of the Standard Model of particle physics. It is electrically neutral, has an incredibly small mass (which is still not precisely measured but is known to be much less than that of an electron), and interacts very weakly with other matter, meaning it can pass through ordinary matter almost undetected.
Particle chauvinism is a term used in the context of physics, particularly in discussions surrounding the interpretations and implications of quantum mechanics and particle physics. It refers to the viewpoint or bias that emphasizes the primacy of particles (like electrons, photons, quarks, etc.) in understanding the fundamental nature of reality, often to the exclusion of other potential explanations or frameworks, such as fields or waves.
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes that may have formed soon after the Big Bang, during the early universe. Unlike stellar black holes, which form from the gravitational collapse of massive stars at the end of their life cycles, primordial black holes are thought to have formed from density fluctuations in the very early universe.
Scalar field dark matter is a theoretical model in the field of cosmology and particle physics that proposes dark matter as a type of scalar field rather than as particles like Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) or axions. In simple terms, a scalar field is defined by a single value (a scalar) at every point in space and time, which can vary from one point to another.
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is a theoretical alternative to the more commonly discussed weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) as a candidate for dark matter. The key feature of SIDM is that the particles making up dark matter can interact with each other through a force other than gravity, which is not the case for most traditional dark matter models.
A sterile neutrino is a hypothetical type of neutrino that does not interact via the standard weak interactions like the three known types of neutrinos: electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos. Instead, sterile neutrinos are proposed to interact only through gravity and possibly via mixing with active neutrinos, making them "sterile" because they do not participate in the weak force.
Strongly Interacting Massive Particles (SIMP) are a proposed type of elementary particle that arise in certain theories of particle physics, specifically in the context of dark matter. SIMPs are characterized by their large mass and strong interactions, similar to those of the particles that make up atomic nuclei (like protons and neutrons) which are governed by the strong nuclear force.
Vera Rubin was a renowned American astronomer known for her groundbreaking work in the field of astrophysics, particularly in the study of galaxy rotation curves. Born on July 23, 1928, she made significant contributions to our understanding of dark matter, a form of matter that does not emit light or energy and is not directly observable, yet is believed to make up a substantial portion of the total mass in the universe. Rubin's most notable work involved observing the rotational speeds of galaxies.
In particle physics, WISP stands for "Weakly Interacting Slim Particle." Wisps are hypothetical particles that are considered as candidates for dark matter. They are characterized by their weak interactions with standard model particles, making them difficult to detect directly. WISPs usually include particles like axions, hidden photons, or other similar entities that could constitute non-baryonic matter in the universe.
Warm dark matter (WDM) is a theoretical form of dark matter that falls in energy and mass characteristics between cold dark matter (CDM) and hot dark matter (HDM). The primary distinctions among these categories relate to the speed of the particles and their thermal properties during the early universe.
A Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is a hypothetical elementary particle that is a candidate for dark matter, which makes up a significant fraction of the universe's mass-energy content. WIMPs are predicted to have mass and interact primarily through the weak nuclear force and gravity, but not through electromagnetic interactions, which means they do not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making them difficult to detect directly.
The X17 particle is a proposed hypothetical particle that has garnered interest within the physics community, particularly in the context of dark matter and new physics beyond the Standard Model. The name "X17" comes from a potential particle that is theorized to have a mass of approximately 17 MeV/c² (mega-electronvolts per speed of light squared) and is suggested to interact weakly with ordinary matter, making it a candidate for dark matter.
Articles by others on the same topic
There are currently no matching articles.