Nuclear technology in the Soviet Union refers to the research, development, and application of nuclear science and engineering within the USSR from the early 20th century until its dissolution in 1991. This technology had significant military, energy, and medical implications.
The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (VNIITF) is a prominent research institution in Russia focused on advanced scientific research and development in the field of technical physics. Established during the Cold War era, VNIITF plays a crucial role in the development of nuclear weapons and related technologies, serving as a part of Russia's nuclear security and defense infrastructure.
The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) is a prominent research organization based in Russia, primarily involved in nuclear physics and related fields. Established in 1946, it was originally created to support the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons program. VNIIEF operates under the auspices of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center and is known for its work in various areas such as the development of nuclear weapons, nuclear safety, and advanced experimental physics.
The All-Russian Scientific Research and Design Institute of Energy Technology, often abbreviated as VTI (after its Russian name "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектный институт энергетических технологий"), is a prominent research and design institute in Russia. This institute specializes in the development and application of technologies related to the energy sector, including power generation, energy efficiency, and related engineering fields.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, Atominform is not a widely recognized term or brand. It’s possible that it could refer to a specific company, product, or service that emerged after that date or is not well-known in broader contexts.
Atommash is a Russian company that specializes in the design and manufacturing of equipment for the nuclear industry, particularly in the production of nuclear reactors and components. Founded in the mid-20th century, Atommash is known for its role in producing large-scale equipment, such as reactors and pressure vessels, that are essential for nuclear power generation. The company is located in Volgodonsk, Russia, and is a part of the larger Russian state nuclear corporation, Rosatom.
Atomstroyexport is a Russian engineering and construction company primarily involved in the nuclear energy sector. It is a subsidiary of the state-owned corporation Rosatom, which oversees various aspects of nuclear energy and technology in Russia and abroad. Atomstroyexport specializes in the design, construction, and commissioning of nuclear power plants and associated facilities. The company also provides services related to the modernization, operation, and maintenance of existing nuclear plants.
BES-5, or the Brief Evaluation Scale-5, is a psychological assessment tool designed to measure individual emotional and psychological responses. It simplifies the evaluation of an individual's well-being and mental health by utilizing a concise set of questions or criteria. While specific details about the scale may vary depending on its application or research focus, such brief assessment tools are often used in clinical settings, research studies, or other environments to quickly gauge emotional states, identify potential issues, or track changes over time.
The BN-350 is a sodium-cooled fast neutron reactor (FNR) that was developed in the Soviet Union. It was designed primarily for the purpose of generating electricity and producing plutonium for use in nuclear weapons and as a fuel for other reactors.
The BN-600 is a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor (FBR) located at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station in Russia. It was commissioned in 1980 and is one of the key developments in fast neutron reactor technology.
The BN-Reactor is a class of sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors (SFR) developed in Russia. The "BN" in BN-Reactor stands for "brestnoy" (meaning "fast" in Russian), indicating that this reactor type utilizes fast neutrons for the fission process, as opposed to thermal reactors that use slower neutrons.
EGP-6, or Endogenous Growth Protein 6, is a protein that is encoded by specific genes in various organisms, including humans. It is involved in various biological processes, particularly those related to growth and development. However, without specific context, "EGP-6" could refer to different things in different fields or studies. For instance, it could also refer to experimental compounds, gene designations, or other specific scientific contexts.
ELEMASH Machine-Building Plant, also known as the ELEMASH plant, is a manufacturer primarily involved in the production of machinery and equipment for various industries, including defense, aerospace, and other specialized sectors. It is located in Russia and has a history dating back to the Soviet era, having been established to support the needs of the military and other industrial sectors. The plant specializes in manufacturing a range of products, including artillery systems, ammunition, and various mechanical components.
The Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) typically refers to a research institution that focuses on the study of high energy physics, a branch of physics that investigates the fundamental constituents of matter and the forces that govern their interactions. IHEP is involved in experimental and theoretical research in particle physics, including the study of particles such as quarks, leptons, and bosons, as well as phenomena such as the Higgs boson and the exploration of dark matter and dark energy.
The Institute for Nuclear Research (often referred to as INR) is typically a research institution dedicated to the study and application of nuclear science and technology. The specific activities and focus of such institutes can vary based on their location and the research priorities of the respective countries.
The Institute for Physical Problems (IFP) is a research institution that often focuses on various aspects of physics, including theoretical and experimental work. While specific details about the institute may vary depending on its location and mission, such institutions typically engage in scientific research, provide educational opportunities, and collaborate with other organizations to advance knowledge in the field of physics. One specific Institute for Physical Problems is located in Azerbaijan, known for its contributions to condensed matter physics and materials science, among other areas.
The Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) is a research institution primarily located in Obninsk, Russia. Established in the mid-20th century, IPPE is known for its work in the fields of nuclear physics, power engineering, and related technologies. It plays a significant role in the development of nuclear energy and the advancement of various scientific disciplines associated with it.
The Ioffe Institute, officially known as the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, is a prominent research institution located in St. Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1933 by the physicist Abram Ioffe, the institute has become a leading center for research in various fields of physics, materials science, electronics, and nanotechnology.
Ivanovo State Power Engineering University (ISPEU) is a higher education institution located in Ivanovo, Russia. Established in 1958, the university specializes in training engineers in various fields of power engineering, energy, and related disciplines. The university offers a range of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs and is involved in research and development in the energy sector. ISPEU plays a significant role in educating professionals who contribute to the energy industry in Russia and beyond.
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is an intergovernmental scientific research organization located in Dubna, Russia. Established in 1956, it serves as a collaborative center for various countries to conduct research in nuclear physics, particle physics, and related fields. JINR is known for its contributions to various areas of research, including nuclear science, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, and medical physics.
Krasnaya Zvezda State Enterprise, also known as the Red Star Factory, is a prominent Russian company involved in the production of military and defense-related goods. Established in the Soviet era, it has been a significant player in the manufacturing of uniforms, equipment, and other materials for the military. The enterprise focuses on delivering high-quality products and has been known for its innovative approaches in textiles and engineering within the defense sector.
The Kurchatov Institute, officially known as the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, is a prominent scientific research institution located in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1943 by Igor Kurchatov, a key figure in the Soviet atomic program, the institute initially focused on nuclear physics and engineering. It played a crucial role in the development of nuclear energy and weapons in the Soviet Union.
Luch Scientific Production Association, often referred to simply as "Luch," is a Russian enterprise based in Podolsk, a city in the Moscow Oblast. Founded during the Soviet era, Luch primarily specializes in the development and manufacturing of electronic equipment and systems. The company is known for producing a range of products, including radar systems, air defense systems, and communication technologies. Luch has historically been involved in various defense-related projects, contributing to both military and civilian sectors.
The term "Mining and Chemical Combine" can refer to an organization or facility that integrates mining operations with chemical processing. Such facilities typically focus on the extraction of valuable minerals or metals from ore and the subsequent chemical treatment processes that are necessary to purify these materials or convert them into usable forms.
The Ministry of Medium Machine Building was a governmental entity in the Soviet Union responsible for the development of the medium machine-building industry, which included the design and production of machinery, equipment, and tools. It primarily focused on sectors like engineering, instrument-making, and the production of machinery used in various industries, including defense and space technology.
The Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) is a prestigious educational institution in Russia, primarily focused on engineering and the physical sciences. Established in 1942, MEPhI has played a significant role in the development of nuclear physics and engineering, as well as other fields related to science and technology. The institute is known for its rigorous academic programs and strong emphasis on research, particularly in areas such as nuclear engineering, theoretical physics, and information technology.
The NL Dukhov All-Russian Research Institute of Automation, often referred to simply as VNIIA (based on its Russian acronym), is a prominent research institution in Russia focused on the field of automation and control systems. It was named after Nikolai Leonidovich Dukhov, a significant figure in the field. VNIIA engages in a wide range of activities related to the development of automated systems for various industries, including aerospace, defense, and other sectors requiring advanced technological solutions.
Nizhny Novgorod Machine-building Plant, often referred to by its Russian name "Nizhniy Novgorodskoy Mashinostroitelnoy Zavod," is a prominent industrial enterprise located in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It specializes in the production of a wide range of machinery and equipment, and has historically played a significant role in Russia's defense and aerospace industries. The plant has a long history, with roots extending back to the Soviet era.
OKBM Afrikantov is a design and engineering company based in Russia, primarily focused on the research, development, and production of nuclear reactor technology and related systems. Founded in the 1950s, it is known for its work on various types of nuclear reactors, including pressurized and boiling water reactors as well as specialized systems for marine and space applications.
OKB Gidropress is a Russian engineering company that specializes in the design and development of equipment for nuclear power plants, particularly related to the pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology. It is known for its role in the Russian nuclear industry, providing various components and systems necessary for the operation of nuclear reactors, including the primary circuit equipment, steam generators, and other auxiliary systems.
The Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering (OINPE) is a prominent educational and research institution located in Obninsk, Russia. Established in 1996, it focuses on nuclear engineering and related fields. The institute was founded as a continuation of the legacy of the first nuclear power plant built in Obninsk in 1954, which was also the world's first commercial nuclear power reactor.
The Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant, located in Ukraine, was significantly involved in the production of chemical products, including those related to the Soviet nuclear weapons program. Over the years, the plant generated a considerable amount of radioactive waste, which was often poorly managed. The radioactive dumps associated with the Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant are sites where this waste was stored or disposed of, leading to environmental contamination.
The RBMK (Reactor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalny, which translates to "High Power Channel Reactor") is a type of nuclear reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union. It is a graphite-moderated, water-cooled reactor that uses uranium fuel. The RBMK design is notable for several features: 1. **Graphite Moderation**: RBMK reactors use a graphite moderator, which slows down neutrons to sustain a nuclear fission chain reaction.
The Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (RIAR) is a scientific research organization based in Russia that focuses on the development, design, and operation of nuclear reactors and their applications. Established in the 1950s, RIAR is part of the Russian state atomic energy corporation, Rosatom.
The Romashka reactor is a type of nuclear reactor primarily associated with the Soviet Union's research and development efforts during the Cold War. Its designation, "Romashka," translates to "daisy" in Russian, likely indicative of the reactor's design or operational characteristics. The reactor is notable for being a pool-type reactor, which means it uses a large body of water both as a coolant and as a radiation shield, and it typically features a relatively small core.
The T-15 reactor is a research nuclear reactor located in Russia, specifically at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow. It is primarily used for scientific research and experiments in the field of nuclear physics, engineering, and materials science. The reactor is part of Russia's broader efforts in nuclear research and technology development. T-15 is characterized as a pool type reactor, utilizing low-enriched uranium fuel, and it is designed to facilitate various types of experiments.
The TOPAZ nuclear reactor, also known as the TOPAZ II, is a type of nuclear reactor that was developed in the Soviet Union during the late 20th century. It is a liquid metal fast reactor (LMFR) primarily designed for space applications, particularly for use in spacecraft and satellites.
Techsnabexport, officially known as State Company for Foreign Economic Activities "Techsnabexport," is a Russian state-owned enterprise involved in the export of various products and services, primarily in the field of nuclear materials and technologies. Established in 1993, the company plays a crucial role in the international market for nuclear fuel cycle services, including the supply of nuclear fuel, uranium enrichment, and other related activities.
The Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Thermonuclear Research (TIITR) is a research facility located in Troitsk, a suburb of Moscow, Russia. It is known for its work in the fields of nuclear fusion and innovative energy technologies. The institute focuses on developing and researching various innovative technologies related to thermonuclear fusion, plasma physics, and advanced energy systems. TIITR is involved in both theoretical studies and practical experiments aimed at advancing the understanding and application of fusion energy.
US-A can refer to several things depending on the context, but it is often used to denote a specific designation or program. One of the notable references is to the "US-A" (also known as "US-1") reconnaissance satellites developed by the United States. These satellites were part of the CORONA program during the Cold War, which was aimed at photographic reconnaissance.
The V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, also known as the Khlopin Institute, is a prominent scientific research institution located in St. Petersburg, Russia. It specializes in nuclear physics, radiochemistry, and related disciplines, specifically focusing on the study and application of radioactive elements and isotopes, including radium. Founded in 1922, the institute was named after Vladimir Khlopin, a notable scientist in the field of radiochemistry. Over the years, the V.
VVER stands for "Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor," which translates from Russian as "Water-Water Power Reactor." It is a type of pressurized water reactor (PWR) designed and developed by the Soviet Union. The VVER design is notable for its use of light water as both a coolant and a neutron moderator.
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