Renormalization is a mathematical and conceptual framework used primarily in quantum field theory (QFT) and statistical mechanics to address issues related to infinities that arise in the calculations of physical quantities. These infinities can occur in situations where interactions involve very short-distance (high-energy) processes. The goal of renormalization is to produce finite, physically meaningful predictions by systematically handling these infinities.
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Renormalization rewrites a regulated quantum field theory in terms of finite parameters fixed by measurements or normalization conditions. Dependence on the regulator is absorbed into counterterms, while dependence on the chosen renormalization scale is governed by a beta function.
