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Physics
Branch of physics
Quantum field theory
Perturbative quantum field theory
Quantum electrodynamics
Created
2026-09-24
Updated
2026-09-24
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For an
on-shell
amplitude
M
=
ϵ
μ
(
k
)
M
μ
with an external
photon
, gauge invariance implies
k
μ
M
μ
=
0
.
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Quantum electrodynamics
Perturbative quantum field theory
Quantum field theory
Branch of physics
Physics
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Paper 301
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Solution
Paper 304
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2
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i
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