Institutional primary terminology: Companion cats,Stray cats,Feral cats sections. New Zealand usage emphasizes dependence on humans and defines feral as self-sustaining. Source used for explicit regional definitions only; no legal claim or management recommendation.

Institutional primary species account inspected2026-11-03: Felis lybica, provisional taxonomy, African/Asian distribution and distinction from F.silvestris and F.catus. No current population estimates or conservation-status claims reused.

Institutional primary taxonomy account, Taxonomy section inspected2026-11-03: Felis silvestris, European wildcat, distinguished from Felis lybica, Afro-Asiatic wildcat, and Felis catus, domestic cat. Species delimitation must not be silently carried backward into2007study terminology. No conservation-status or population estimate reused.

Behavioural Processes193(2021),104502; DOI10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104502. Primary full-name byline verifies Kenta Suzuki. Title identifies domesticated Bengalese finch, Lonchura striata var.domestica, and ancestral white-rumped munia, Lonchura striata. Used for identity, not uninspected experimental results.

Nature450(2007),1240–1244; DOI10.1038/nature06390. Full publisher bylines verify Evren C. Tumer and Michael S. Brainard. Abstract and Figures1–4: computerized pitch-contingent disruption, adaptive feature-specific shifts and delayed-feedback comparison.

Research team primary project overview: small passerine endemic to Seychelles; long-term individually monitored population and translocations. Only stable identity and research setting reused; no current population count asserted.

Journal of Molecular Evolution 16, 111–120 (1980), DOI 10.1007/BF01731581. Summary and two-type substitution model: corrected evolutionary distance and rate K/(2T).

Institutional animal account used only for Varanus komodoensis identification, Indonesian range and predatory/scavenging feeding behavior. The account’s broad bacteria/venom assertions are not reused.

Nature503(2013),544–547; DOI10.1038/nature12650. Full author manuscript www.nieduszynski.org/publications/files/24185008.pdf inspected: laboratory strainH26 carries integrated pHV4; four chromosomal origins deleted; pairwise competition showed7.5%growth advantage, dispersed replication profiles and dependence on homologous recombination. Body restricts claim to tested strain/conditions.

PLOS ONE5(2010),e9605; DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0009605. Full publisher byline verifies Amber L. Hartman. Abstract/Results: readily cultured halophile, DS2 genome architecture with main chromosome, three smaller chromosomes and one plasmid; nomenclature caveat in Results.

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology34,175–186 (1994), DOI10.1007/BF00167742. Author-institution abstract and original PDF pure.rug.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/3287646/1994BehavEcolSociobiolKomdeur.pdf : helper removals with ecological controls; one versus multiple alloparents and context-dependent outcomes.

PNAS50(4),672–679 (1963); DOI10.1073/pnas.50.4.672. Primary report relating cytochrome-c primary structures to evolutionary relationships. The author’s full name is corroborated by the National Academy of Sciences memoir: www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/margoliash-emanuel.pdf .

Science317(2007),519–523; DOI10.1126/science.1139518. Original study compares979domestic/wild cats with mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Historical result described with its sampling scope, not as a settled date/location for the entire domestication process. Full text pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5612713/ .

Taxonomy9685: domestic cat, species rank, lineage through Mammalia and Carnivora. Taxonomy record used for identification, not as authority for domestication timing.

Habitat, Food and Behavior sections: North American flycatcher, perching and aerial sallies, nesting on sheltered structures. No population estimate or current conservation status reused.

By Martin A. Nowak and Karl Sigmund. Nature 393, 573–577 (11 June 1998); DOI doi.org/10.1038/31225

Original paper: www.myweb.ttu.edu/ppare/Research/PDF%20Articles/nature%201998.pdf

Abstract and model: reputation-based helping without repeated encounters between the same pair; analytic and simulation conditions for evolutionary stability.

By Hisashi Ohtsuki and colleagues. Nature 441, 502–505 (25 May 2006); DOI doi.org/10.1038/nature04605

Original paper: personal.math.ubc.ca/~hauert/publications/reprints/ohtsuki_nature06.pdf

Supporting information: personal.math.ubc.ca/~hauert/publications/reprints/ohtsuki_nature06supp.pdf

Pages 502–504: donation-game payoffs, weak selection, death–birth updating and large regular graphs; the threshold depends on the update rule. Figure 2 shows finite-population departures from the asymptotic rule.

By Arne Traulsen and Martin A. Nowak. PNAS 103(29), 10952–10955 (18 July 2006), DOI doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602530103

Original paper: dash.harvard.edu/bitstreams/9473ec8f-4d25-4d08-89ba-6eb725093f5e/download

Abstract and Figure 1: reproduction within groups, splitting at a size threshold and elimination of another group. The simplified threshold assumes weak selection, rare splitting and many groups.

PNAS108(2011),9910–9915; DOI10.1073/pnas.1102811108. Aracely A. Lutes, Diana P. Baumann, William B. Neaves, Peter Baumann. Abstract and Results: tetraploid hybrids, genetic/cytological verification and independently reproducing female lineages. Full text pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3116429/ .

Animal Behaviour42(1991),477–487; DOI10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80047-8. Original indexed abstract: four hand-reared birds, deafened before singing; comparison with intact laboratory and wild birds. Publisher direct fetch403; indexed primary abstract verified.