Primary paper abstract: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10205057/ . DOI doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5413.489 . Science 284(5413), 489–493 (16 April 1999). Byline L. E. Niklason, J. Gao, W. M. Abbott, K. K. Hirschi, S. Houser, R. Marini and R. Langer; initials retained. Abstract: smooth-muscle and endothelial cells from vascular biopsies; bovine vessels cultured under pulsatile conditions; mechanical, contractile and differentiation measurements; implantation in miniature swine. The neighboring Science commentary at pp. 422–425 is a different publication.

Verified identity and follow-up evidence: Jinming Gao’s institutional CV (2 January 2026), printed pp. 1, 5 and 21, explicitly links Jinming Gao to this exact publication: profileplus.swmed.edu/facultydata/76088/files/Resume_Gao%20Jinming.pdf . The team’s 2001 primary follow-up, Morphologic and mechanical characteristics of engineered bovine arteries, printed p. 628, gives the full bylines Laura E. Niklason, William Abbott, Jinming Gao, Karen K. Hirschi and Robert Langer, with affiliations: labs.utsouthwestern.edu/sites/default/files/2022-11/23_Niklason_JVS.pdf . Original published initial-only byline of the 1999 paper is retained.

Official occupational description. What They Do and Duties describe design, experiments, models, equipment support and collaboration with clinical and manufacturing teams. Used for the technical role; no time-sensitive pay, employment, degree or licensure claim is reproduced.

Institutional definition and scope, updated 25 September 2025. The Definition and Discussion describe applying engineering methods to materials, devices, implants, systems and biomedical research. Used for disciplinary scope, not as a statement that all areas of bioengineering are medical. Primary indexed content was readable; direct page retrieval presented a browser challenge.

Primary paper: doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1938.0050 . Author byline A. V. Hill; the author is Archibald Vivian Hill. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 126, 136–195 (1938). Author-paper scan: math.nyu.edu/~peskin/eb_lecture_notes/Hill_AV_1938.pdf . Part I, pp. 136–137: thermopile and optically amplified galvanometer recording; Part II: muscle heat, load and shortening; Part III, pp. 184–185: contractile and elastic components. The paper compares heat-measurement methods rather than treating a muscle as a passive spring.

Jesse Stombaugh, Craig L. Zirbel, Eric Westhof and Neocles B. Leontis, Nucleic Acids Research 37(7), 2294–2312 (2009). The paper introduces the IsoDiscrepancy Index and compares RNA base-pair geometry with structural and sequence alignments. Results, Figure 2 and Table 3, calibrate isosteric/near-isosteric thresholds and distinguish differently oriented wobble pairs.

Additional cited passages: The IsoDiscrepancy Index, Definition, explains the C1′/attachment-nitrogen geometry, separate in-plane and flipped alignment cases, and the length interpretation of the rotation coefficients. IDI has units of ångströms; the in-plane rotation angle is multiplied by a 2-ångström length scale and is expressed in radians. Methods selects an observed base-pair exemplar by minimizing the row sum of pairwise discrepancies. Validation of the IDI, Figure 2 and Table 3, gives the study-specific isosteric and near-isosteric cutoffs.

Primary source: williams.chemistry.gatech.edu/course_Information/6572/papers/leontis_2002_isostericity.pdf

Verified locator: Neocles B. Leontis, Jesse Stombaugh and Eric Westhof, Nucleic Acids Research 30(16), 3497–3531 (2002), DOI 10.1093/nar/gkf481. Figure 1: base edges; Results, printed p. 3499: sugar 2′-OH and structural hydrogen limits; Isostericity, printed pp. 3499 and 3525, and Tables 3–5: geometric compatibility; Table 3/Family 1: canonical A–U, U–A, G–C and C–G isosteric subgroup. Observed versus modeled contacts are explicitly distinguished.

University of York doctoral thesis,2023. Repository author Clement Howe, ORCID0000-0002-6035-755X, supervisor Neil Hunt; Depositing User and download description explicitly give Clement Peter Gregory Howe. Abstract and chapters3–5 describe temperature-jump infrared measurements of RNA/DNA hairpin melting, refolding and sequence dependence.

Legacy institutional staff profile titled Tony Parker, STFC Fellow. Research Interests describes solution-phase reaction intermediates studied with time-resolved Raman, infrared and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, and development of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Background describes work at the Central Laser Facility from1987.

Institutional profile, posted30March2012, identifies Neocles Leontis as a chemistry professor and biology adjunct at Bowling Green State University, with research on RNA and DNA; it supplies the associated portrait. His2001 RNA paper lists the same BGSU chemistry affiliation.

Institutionally hosted author CV identifies Eric Westhof, structural-biochemistry research and the University of Strasbourg/IBMC affiliation. Professional cursus records structural-biochemistry professorship and emeritus status from2016. The page links his RNA research website.

Institutional profile identifies Greg Greetham and describes development of Ultra laser laboratories and control systems, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The page supplies the associated profile photograph.

Institutional profile: research on time-resolved NMR and photochemical organometallic reactions. Selected publications include the2014 Photochemical Pump and NMR Probe paper and list Barbara Procacci by full name. The institutional research portal pure.york.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/barbara-procacci/ supplies the same professional identity.

Author-hosted published-version repository copy,2024, DOI10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00682. Repository cover gives Neil Terrence Hunt and ORCID0000-0001-7400-5152; journal title page gives Neil T.Hunt. Conspectus and Introduction explain vibrational coupling, two-dimensional spectra and measurements of proteins in water.

Institutional profile, Research Overview: ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy for biomolecular structure, solvation and dynamics; collaborations developing instruments at the Central Laser Facility. The corresponding-author email matches the2022 tetraloop paper.

IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, Recommendations1982, published in1983. Section2.3, N-Glycosidic Bond, defines chi using O4′–C1′–N9–C4 for purines and O4′–C1′–N1–C2 for pyrimidines, syn/anti regions and differences from older atom conventions. General notation and publication details: iupac.qmul.ac.uk/misc/pnuc1.html ; Pure and Applied Chemistry55,1273–1280.

Published version, J. Phys. Chem. Lett.13,9171–9176(2022), DOI10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02338. Printed p.9171 gives byline C. P. Howe, G. M. Greetham, B. Procacci, A. W. Parker and N. T. Hunt. Printed p.9172:12-μm path for temperature-jump measurements,4-ns pump and time-resolved infrared probe pulses. Abstract reports melting/refolding transients for UACG RNA hairpin and analogous DNA; this is not a UUCG-loop measurement. Literal title slash is preserved; magic references use the flattened native ID.

Author identities are explicitly expanded on the institutional repository cover to Clement Howe, Gregory M.Greetham and Barbara Procacci. Printedp.9175 gives ORCID0000-0002-6035-755X for C.P.Howe, ORCID0000-0001-7044-0560 for B.Procacci and ORCID0000-0001-7400-5152 for N.T.Hunt. The corresponding York thesis record etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/33135/ gives Clement Peter Gregory Howe with the same ORCID. Printedp.9171 reports melting times6.0±0.1µs for UACG RNA and0.8±0.1µs for the TACG DNA analogue at70degrees Celsius, with refolding on similar roughly200µs timescales.

RNA7(4),499–512(2001), DOI10.1017/S1355838201002515. Abstract: Watson–Crick, Hoogsteen and Sugar edges; cis/trans relative glycosidic-bond orientations;12 basic geometric types. Indexed byline N. B. Leontis and E. Westhof retained without inferred full names.

Section About Dr.Julius Marmur identifies his DNA-isolation, strand-separation, renaturation and hybridization research, his collaboration with Paul Doty at Harvard, and subsequent work in yeast genetics. The adjacent portrait is explicitly labeled Julius Marmur.

Harvard Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology memorial,6December2011, identifies Paul Doty,1920–2011, and his contributions to physical studies of proteins and nucleic acids and DNA strand separation/reassociation. The university Gazette memorial news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/12/paul-doty-91-founder-of-belfer-center/ identifies the photograph of Doty beside his founder’s picture in2005.

Georgia Institute of Technology doctoral thesis, title page May2006, approval29November2005. Author Xueguang Sun; Roger M.Wartell listed as committee chair. ChaptersII–III concern Hfq structure and RNA binding; chapterIV, pp.106–130, studies a79-nucleotide RNA and dimerization. Vita,p.131, identifies his prior biophysics studies and work in Wartell’s laboratory.