A structure within the late intercellular bridge that organises events associated with final cell separation.

The final membrane-separation event that resolves the intercellular bridge between daughter cells, distinct from earlier furrow ingression.

In a uniform magnetic field, a nonrelativistic particle of mass $m$ and nonzero charge $q$ completes one circular transverse orbit in time $T_c=2\pi /{\omega }_c$, where ${\omega }_c=|q|B/m$. Parallel velocity changes the helix pitch but not this period. In relativistic motion the constant Lorentz factor multiplies the period: $T_c=2\pi \gamma m/(|q|B)$. The direction of rotation depends on the charge sign; the period is positive.

The cyclic trimer ${\mathrm{P}}_3{\mathrm{N}}_3\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}}_6$, a precursor to linear polydichlorophosphazene under controlled ring-opening conditions.

For a convex cyclic quadrilateral with successive side lengths $a,b,c,d$ and semiperimeter $s=(a+b+c+d)/2$, Brahmagupta's formula gives its area:The cyclic hypothesis is essential. To derive it, let opposite interior angles be $B,D$, so $B+D=\pi$. Splitting along their common opposite diagonal of a polygon gives $2K=(ab+cd)\sin B$, while the law of cosines gives $2(ab+cd)\cos B=a^2+b^2-c^2-d^2$. Eliminate $\cos B$ using ${\sin }^{2}B+{\cos }^{2}B=1$ and factor the result to obtain $16K^2=16(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d)$. For a rectangle with sides $a,b,a,b$, the formula reduces to $K=ab$.

A marine cyanobacterial genus used in experiments on protection supplied by peroxide-removing microbes.

A genus of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. The strain PCC 6803 is a common experimental system for photosynthesis and electron-export studies.

The integer cube root of a nonnegative integer $n$ is $\lfloor \sqrt[3]{n}\rfloor$, the unique integer $r$ satisfying $r^3\le n<(r+1{)}^3$. It can be computed by binary search using integer cube comparisons.