By Philip J. Boland, contributor to the Dictionary of Irish Biography, a Royal Irish Academy project. William Sealy Gosset is the biographical subject. Originally published October 2009; last revised October 2009.

Online biography: www.dib.ie/biography/gosset-william-sealy-student-a3543

DOI: doi.org/10.3318/dib.003543.v1

Inspected locators: opening profession and employment paragraphs; pseudonym discussion; final biographical paragraph; Publishing information.

By John Joseph O'Connor and Edmund Frederick Robertson, credited as J J O’Connor and E F Robertson, in the University of St Andrews MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Last Update: October 2003; this is an online revision date. William Sealy Gosset is the subject, not the author.

Online biography: mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gosset/

Inspected locators: Quick Info; opening employment paragraph; discussion of the Student pseudonym; Written by and Last Update footer.

By William Sealy Gosset, published under the pseudonym Student. Biometrika 6(1), 1–25, March 1908. Wikisource hosts the inspected transcription of the original paper; its editing dates are not journal publication dates.

Inspected text: en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Probable_Error_of_a_Mean

DOI: doi.org/10.1093/biomet/6.1.1

Inspected locators: original title and Student byline; Introduction; Sections II, III and VI. Historical notation differs from the modern convention.

Official online course issued by Pennsylvania State University’s Department of Statistics. No individual whole-course author or publication or revision date is established; course issuance and hosting do not identify a personal author.

By Larry Wasserman. Springer Texts in Statistics; Springer Science+Business Media. Copyright 2006; preface dated July 2005. ISBN-13: 978-0387-25145-5. Carnegie Mellon University hosts this copy.

Institutional full text: www.stat.cmu.edu/~brian/valerie/617-2022/0%20-%20books/2006%20-%20Wasserman%20All%20Of%20Nonparametric%20Statistics.pdf

Cited passages: §2.1, printed pp. 13–15, Definition 2.1, Theorems 2.4 and 2.6; §2.4, printed p. 21, equation (2.37).

By John Joseph O'Connor and Edmund Frederick Robertson, in the University of St Andrews MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Last updated October 2013.

Biography: mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Kruskal_Joseph/

Cited passages: heading, Quick Info and Summary, identifying Joseph Bernard Kruskal and his mathematical work.

By Leonhard Euler. Latin journal article, written in 1750 and published in 1758 in Novi Commentarii academiae scientiarum Petropolitanae 4, 109–140; Eneström number E230. The Euler Archive at the University of the Pacific supplies the bibliographic record.

Institutional record: scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/euler-works/230/

By Robert E. Kass and Adrian E. Raftery. Published in Journal of the American Statistical Association 90(430), 773–795, June 1995. The University of Washington hosts this scan; its 2007 scan timestamp is distinct from the original publication.

Online text: sites.stat.washington.edu/courses/stat527/s13/readings/KassRaftery_jasa1995.pdf

Cited passages: §3.1, p. 776, equations (1)–(2); §5.2, p. 782; §5.3, p. 783.

By Joseph Bernard Kruskal, printed as Joseph B. Kruskal, Jr. Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 7(1), 48–50, February 1956. Received 11 April 1955.

Official article: www.ams.org/journals/proc/1956-007-01/S0002-9939-1956-0078686-7/S0002-9939-1956-0078686-7.pdf

Institutional scan: langevin.univ-tln.fr/cours/graphe/bonus/Krukskal.pdf

Cited passages: printed pp. 48–50, especially Construction A on p. 49 and the exchange argument on p. 50.

By Arthur Cayley. Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 148, 17–37, 1858. Received 10 December 1857 and read 14 January 1858; these dates are distinct from journal publication. Wikimedia Commons hosts the archival scan.

DOI: doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1858.0002

Online text: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/A_Memoir_on_the_Theory_of_Matrices_(IA_jstor-108649).pdf

Cited section: Opening printedpp17–18: linearequations, matrixalgebra, characteristic equation anddegreereduction; Printedpp23–24 §§21–25: fulltwo-by-twoidentity; three-by-threeverificationmentioned; noformalproofallordersclaimed; consequenceformatrixfunctions.

By Keith Conrad. Standalone expository notes hosted on the author’s University of Connecticut website. No publication or revision date is established.

Online text: kconrad.math.uconn.edu/blurbs/linmultialg/univid.pdf

Cited section: §3, Theorem3.4 and equations3.1–3.2, printedpp6–7, Cayley-Hamiltonovercommutativerings; §2 printedp2 single-variablepolynomialidentitymatrixsubstitutionandconstantmultiplesofI.

Author’s curriculum vitae, headed Christopher Heil, October 2025. The canonical person entry is Christopher E. Heil. Georgia Institute of Technology hosts the author’s website. October 2025 identifies the inspected version; no original publication date is established.

Online text: heil.math.gatech.edu/vita_public.pdf

Cited passages: Printedp1 name mathematicsdegree mathematicsappointments andharmonicanalysis/functional analysisresearch interests.

By John Joseph O'Connor and Edmund Frederick Robertson, printed as J J O’Connor and E F Robertson. Hosted by the University of St Andrews in the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Last Update: March 2001; this is an online revision date.

Online text: mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Jordan/

Cited passages: QuickInfo full name born1838 died1922; Analysis textbook discussion, originatedboundedvariation andcurvelength; Final byline JJOConnor EFRobertson and March2001update.

By Christopher E. Heil, printed as Christopher Heil. The introduction identifies these as lecture notes from 2007, and the first page separately states copyright 2007. The 2019 date belongs to the textbook advertised in the introduction. Georgia Institute of Technology hosts the author’s website. The introductory acknowledgments identify underlying texts rather than additional authors of the notes.

Online text: heil.math.gatech.edu/handouts/bv.pdf

Cited passages: Definition1 and pointwise convention, printedpp1–2; §3.5.2 Definition9 Lemma12 Exercise13 Theorem14, printedpp3–5.

By David Anthony Santos, printed as David A. Santos on the title page and David Anthony Santos on the copyright page. The title page dates this revision 31 October 2007; the copyright year is separately 2007. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley faculty website hosts the archived author text.

Online text: faculty.utrgv.edu/eleftherios.gkioulekas/OGS/Santos/santos-number-theory.pdf

Cited passages: Title page and copyright page (PDF pp. 1–2); §8.3, Theorem 245 and proof, printed pp. 89–90 (PDF pp. 96–97); §8.3, Theorem 246 and proof, printed p. 90 (PDF p. 97).

By John Joseph O'Connor and Edmund Frederick Robertson, credited as J J O'Connor and E F Robertson. Hosted by the University of St Andrews in the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. Last Update: January 2014; this is an online revision date, not a publication date.

Online biography: '+u+'

Cited passages: Quick Info and biography heading; footer byline and Last Update.

By Otto Hölder, credited as O. Hölder. Published in Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen, pp. 38–47, 1889, Göttingen: Dieterichsche Verlags-Buchhandlung. German-language article. Wikisource hosts the inspected transcription and links the scanned original. The named presenter is not a coauthor.

Transcription and scan provenance: de.wikisource.org/wiki/Ueber_einen_Mittelwerthssatz

Inspected passages: opening §§1–2, printed pp. 38–39. The 1889 date is the original article publication year.

Institutional researcher profile hosted by Stanford Profiles at Stanford University. No personal profile author or publication date is established. The 1981 date in the cited publication entry belongs to the journal article.

Institutional profile: profiles.stanford.edu/bradley-efron

Cited passage: Publications, The Jackknife Estimate of Variance, Efron B., Stein C., 1981; 9(3):586–596.

By Bradley Efron and Charles M. Stein, printed as B. Efron and C. Stein. Published in The Annals of Statistics 9(3), 586–596, 1981. The Institute of Mathematical Statistics is the publisher; Project Euclid hosts the article record.

Article record: projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-9/issue-3/The-Jackknife-Estimate-of-Variance/10.1214/aos/1176345462.full

Bibliographic verification: Publications. The journal publication is distinct from the October 1978 Stanford technical report. Full text was unavailable during inspection; only the title and publication metadata are used.

By Purnamrita Sarkar, explicitly named on the title slide. The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Statistics and Data Science, is the listed affiliation. The author’s GitHub Pages site hosts the slides. No publication, revision or course year is established.

Lecture slides: psarkar.github.io/SDS384/efron-stein.pdf

Cited passages: PDF pp. 1–9, title and byline; independent inputs; conditional-variance bound and independent-copy form; equality for sums.