Peptide hormone

Table of contents
- Insulin Peptide hormone

Insulin

Studying insulin reveals some really cool protein motifs of life:

both the A chain and B chain are transcribed from a single gene. The resulting peptide also contain:
- the C-peptide in the middle which gets removed
- a signaling sequence telling the cell to export the substance out as it is a hormone

Figure 1.
Primary structure of insulin
. Source.

1958 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Proinsulin

A chain of insulin (21 amino acids)

B chain of insulin (30 amino acids)

C-peptide (31 amino acids)

 Ancestors (8)

 Incoming links (1)

Model protein

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Peptide hormone by

Codex  0 Created 2026-10-13 Updated 2026-11-05

A peptide hormone is a signalling peptide or protein released by cells to influence other cells. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin are examples. Biosynthesis commonly includes a precursor and regulated processing before secretion. Because a peptide generally does not freely cross a lipid bilayer, its signal is commonly received by a cell-surface receptor and relayed through intracellular pathways. ^[ref]

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