Biotin is a small sulfur-containing cofactor used by enzymes that transfer carboxyl groups. Covalent attachment to a lysine side chain lets protein-bound biotin carry a carboxyl group between catalytic sites.[ref]
Biotin is also used as a covalent tag in protein-labelling methods. Strong recognition of the tag enables enrichment before mass spectrometry, connecting a natural biochemical recognition system with an analytical separation.

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