Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, 7.6: geometry and molecular polarity; Chemistry 2e, 7.6: ideal geometry and water's bond angle.
The linked §7.6 discusses molecular structure and polarity. The whole-book publication date belongs to the existing book record.
The linked §4.2 covers classification and balancing of chemical reactions; the existing whole-book record identifies its authors and publication.
Section of Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers and others. The 2019 date and author credits belong to the book; no separate section date or author is established.
Cited passages: §15.1, The Solubility Product: saturated solutions and silver chloride dissolution; Predicting Precipitation: comparison of the reaction quotient with the solubility product and mixing volumes.
Cited passages: Flowers, Theopold, Langley and Robinson, Chemistry 2e, §17.7: externally driven reactions and electroplating.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §17.7: electrolysis and electroplating; Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §17.7: electrolysis of molten sodium chloride; Flowers et al., §17.7: electroplating and quantitative aspects.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §17.4: reaction Gibbs energy and reversible cell potential.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §17.4: cell potential and free energy.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, 7.2: bonding within nitrate and between ions; Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, covalent bonding.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §2.6: ionic and molecular compounds; Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §2.6: nuclei and ions; Flowers, Theopold, Langley and Robinson, Chemistry 2e, §2.6: ions and ionic compounds.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, 7.5: strengths of ionic and covalent bonds; OpenStax Chemistry 2e, 7.5: breaking and forming bonds.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, 16.4: free energy; OpenStax Chemistry 2e, section 16.4.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §11.1: opening sucrose and ionic dissolution examples; Chemistry 2e, §11.1: paragraph beginning Water is used so often as a solvent; Table 11.1; Chemistry 2e, §11.1: defining traits of solutions.
Cited passages: Flowers et al., Chemistry 2e, §11.2: strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §11.2, opening classification definitions; Ionic Electrolytes, sparingly soluble ionic-compound paragraph; Covalent Electrolytes, HCl proton-transfer account.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §12.5, Activation Energy and the Arrhenius Equation: energy distributions and temperature sensitivity; Chemistry 2e, §12.5, Example 12.13 and alternate two-point approach: estimating activation energy from a slope.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §13.3, Effect of a Catalyst: faster equilibration without changing equilibrium composition.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §14.3, Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs, cancellation giving Ka Kb = Kw; Chemistry 2e, §14.3, acid ionization and concentration-dependent percent ionization.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §14.3, Acid and Base Ionization Constants: equilibrium quotient; percent-ionization paragraphs immediately preceding Example 14.7.
Section of Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers and others, published 14 February 2019 by OpenStax. The verified authors are the whole-book authors; no separate section byline is established.
Cited passages: §12.7, Homogeneous Catalysts, opening definition; Heterogeneous Catalysts, definition and numbered steps 1–4; publisher Citation information, author credits and whole-book publication date.
Section of Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley and William R. Robinson. These are whole-book authors, with no separately credited chapter author. The book citation gives publication on 14 February 2019; no section revision date is inferred.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §1.2: Classification of Matter, pure substances, mixtures, variable proportions, homogeneous and heterogeneous examples.
Section of Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley and William R. Robinson. These are whole-book authors, with no separately credited chapter author. The book citation gives publication on 14 February 2019; no section revision date is inferred.
Cited passages: Chemistry 2e, §3.3: Solutions, definitions and solvent/solute conventions; Chemistry 2e, §3.3: Example 3.16, mass-to-moles conversion and total solution volume; Chemistry 2e, §3.3: Dilution of Solutions, conserved moles and dilution equation.
Section of Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers and others. The 2019 publication year and four author credits belong to the whole book; no separate section author or revision date is established.
Cited passages: Titration Curves opening paragraphs; Example 14.21(c); Example 14.22(b); Figure 14.18; Acid-Base Indicators, Figures 14.19–14.21.
Section of Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers and others. Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley and William R. Robinson are the whole-book authors; no separate section author is credited. OpenStax publishes and hosts the book. Its publication date is 14 February 2019; no separate section revision date is established.
Cited passages: §5.3, enthalpy conventions and Hess’s Law.

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