Classical nucleation theory balances the positive surface free energy of a droplet against its negative bulk free-energy gain. In three dimensions,
has critical radius and barrier .
A critical nucleus is the unstable droplet at the maximum of the nucleation free energy. Smaller droplets shrink, while larger droplets lower their free energy by growing.
Thermal crossing of a nucleation barrier has rate proportional to and mean waiting time proportional to , up to a kinetic prefactor.

Articles by others on the same topic (1)

Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) is a theoretical framework used to describe the formation of new phase domains, such as droplets or crystals, in a system. This process, called nucleation, is essential in areas like materials science, atmospheric science, and the study of phase transitions. Here are the key components of Classical Nucleation Theory: 1. **Nucleation Basics**: Nucleation occurs when a new phase (e.g.