The Dawson function obeys by differentiation. Its large-real-argument asymptotic expansion begins . This inverse-power behavior contrasts with the separate exponentially growing factors in its definition.
Define and . They satisfy and . The first is an even function, the second an odd function, and their real tails are respectively and . Their derivatives have inverse-linear tails, explaining the logarithmic matching constants in a singular perturbation.

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The Dawson function, denoted as \( D(x) \), is a special function that arises in various fields of mathematics and physics. It is defined as follows: \[ D(x) = e^{-x^2} \int_0^x e^{t^2} \, dt \] This function is named after the mathematician Dawson, who first studied it in the 19th century.