A focal plane is a plane in which an optical system forms images of distant directions. Aberrations can make the best-focus surface curved; a flat detector may then require a field-flattening optical element.
The plane one focal length beyond a lens. In a paraxial imaging system, incident parallel rays of a given direction focus at one point in this plane; it is therefore an angular or diffraction plane distinct from a finite-distance object's image plane.

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