The geothermal gradient is the rate at which temperature varies with depth. For steady one-dimensional thermal conduction with constant thermal conductivity , the magnitude of upward heat flux is .
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The geothermal gradient refers to the rate at which temperature increases with depth below the Earth's surface. Typically, the temperature rises approximately 25 to 30 degrees Celsius for every kilometer of depth in the Earth's crust, although this rate can vary widely depending on geological conditions.