INDEHISCENT, abbreviated IND, is an Arabidopsis thaliana regulatory gene whose encoded transcription factor helps specify the fruit tissues required for opening and seed dispersal. The gene name and its protein product are related uses of the name; an INDEHISCENT mutant is an altered organism, not a separate anatomical layer. A 2004 study identified IND and its role in patterning dispersal-related fruit cell types.[ref]
Control of Fruit Patterning in Arabidopsis by INDEHISCENT by Sarah J. Liljegren and others. Abstract; IND identity and fruit-patterning function
The distinction between growth and identity is experimentally useful. The 2004 work showed that the action of FRUITFULL included preventing misplaced IND activity, rather than simply acting as a direct fruit-elongation switch.[ref]
Control of Fruit Patterning in Arabidopsis by INDEHISCENT by Sarah J. Liljegren and others. Abstract; ectopic IND activity and interpretation of FUL mutants
A malformed short fruit can therefore reflect a change in tissue identity rather than failure of a generic growth process.A 2016 study compared normal fruits with INDEHISCENT mutants and found an early defect in the cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone. It connected the factor to auxin transport and response during early development.[ref]
An INDEHISCENT-Controlled Auxin Response Specifies the Separation Layer in Early Arabidopsis Fruit by Kasper van Gelderen and others. Abstract; early mutant anatomy and stages14–16 transport perturbation
Together these experiments motivate a regulatory explanation: local gene expression changes developmental signals, those signals influence cell behaviour, and the resulting tissue arrangement makes a separation layer possible. Articles by others on the same topic
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