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Joined 2026-09-21 Message
Incoming links: INDEHISCENT
FRUITFULL 2026-11-05
FRUITFULL, also called FUL or AGL8, is an Arabidopsis thaliana developmental regulatory gene encoding a MADS-box transcription factor. In the fruit, it helps establish normal valve tissue identity. The gene, its protein product and a mutant plant's phenotype are different levels of description.
The 1998 study of the ful-1 mutant identified an inserted enhancer-trap element disrupting the gene. A reporter marked valve tissue, and mutant valve cells failed to elongate and differentiate normally.[ref]
The FRUITFULL MADS-box gene mediates cell differentiation during Arabidopsis fruit development by Q. Gu and others. Abstract; mutation, reporter localization and valve-cell phenotypes
Comparing local expression and cell anatomy supplies more mechanistic information than noting only that a mature fruit is short.A later genetic analysis clarified that the effect need not mean that FRUITFULL directly drives every elongation step. Its regulatory role includes preventing misplaced INDEHISCENT activity.[ref]
Control of Fruit Patterning in Arabidopsis by INDEHISCENT by Sarah J. Liljegren and others. Abstract; FUL function and ectopic IND activity
In a causal comparison, defective growth machinery and altered tissue identity can both produce a short organ. Perturbing the regulatory pathway and measuring which identity develops helps distinguish those explanations. The combined history connects gene expression, cell differentiation, fruit dehiscence and seed dispersal without treating final organ length as a direct assay of a single molecular function. INDEHISCENT 2026-11-05
INDEHISCENT, abbreviated IND, is an Arabidopsis thaliana regulatory gene whose encoded transcription factor helps specify the fruit tissues required for opening and seed dispersal. The gene name and its protein product are related uses of the name; an INDEHISCENT mutant is an altered organism, not a separate anatomical layer. A 2004 study identified IND and its role in patterning dispersal-related fruit cell types.[ref]
Control of Fruit Patterning in Arabidopsis by INDEHISCENT by Sarah J. Liljegren and others. Abstract; IND identity and fruit-patterning function
The distinction between growth and identity is experimentally useful. The 2004 work showed that the action of FRUITFULL included preventing misplaced IND activity, rather than simply acting as a direct fruit-elongation switch.[ref]
Control of Fruit Patterning in Arabidopsis by INDEHISCENT by Sarah J. Liljegren and others. Abstract; ectopic IND activity and interpretation of FUL mutants
A malformed short fruit can therefore reflect a change in tissue identity rather than failure of a generic growth process.A 2016 study compared normal fruits with INDEHISCENT mutants and found an early defect in the cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone. It connected the factor to auxin transport and response during early development.[ref]
An INDEHISCENT-Controlled Auxin Response Specifies the Separation Layer in Early Arabidopsis Fruit by Kasper van Gelderen and others. Abstract; early mutant anatomy and stages14–16 transport perturbation
Together these experiments motivate a regulatory explanation: local gene expression changes developmental signals, those signals influence cell behaviour, and the resulting tissue arrangement makes a separation layer possible. Kasper van Gelderen 2026-11-05
Kasper van Gelderen investigates how developmental signals shape plants. He coauthored a 2016 study of INDEHISCENT, auxin response and formation of the separation layer in Arabidopsis thaliana fruits. Comparing normal and altered fruits connected a regulatory gene with the local cell divisions that establish a controlled opening site.[ref]
The study distinguished early tissue specification from later fruit dehiscence. Altering auxin transport during early stages prevented the normal developmental outcome, showing why the time of a perturbation matters as well as its location.[ref]
An INDEHISCENT-Controlled Auxin Response Specifies the Separation Layer in Early Arabidopsis Fruit by Kasper van Gelderen and others. Abstract; tissue-targeted transport perturbations during stages14–16
A signal that has one role while a tissue is forming need not have the same role when the mature tissue opens.Institutional research profile: www.uu.nl/en/organisation/working-at-the-faculty-of-science/kasper-van-gelderen .
Separation layer 2026-11-05
A separation layer is a specialized layer of cells at a controlled opening site in a plant. In the Arabidopsis thaliana fruit, the separation layer lies at the margin between the valves and central replum, within the dehiscence zone. Loss of adhesion between its cells allows the valves to detach during fruit dehiscence. The adjacent layer reinforced with lignin has a different mechanical role; the separation layer is not the whole dehiscence zone.[ref]
An INDEHISCENT-Controlled Auxin Response Specifies the Separation Layer in Early Arabidopsis Fruit by Kasper van Gelderen and others. Introduction, p. 857; valve-margin anatomy and cell separation
A useful developmental experiment compares normal fruits with mutants of the INDEHISCENT regulatory gene. A 2016 study found an early defect in the cell divisions that normally establish the dehiscence zone, alongside altered auxin response. Tissue-targeted changes in auxin transport also prevented normal opening.[ref]
An INDEHISCENT-Controlled Auxin Response Specifies the Separation Layer in Early Arabidopsis Fruit by Kasper van Gelderen and others. Abstract; ind-mutant early cell-division defect and transport perturbations during stages 14–16
The experiment connects local cell identity and hormone response to a later mechanical outcome.Timing matters. An early auxin response and a later local auxin minimum describe different developmental stages, not contradictory recipes for one unchanging tissue. Similarly, an accidental tear can release seeds without establishing that a normal separation layer formed. Comparing local anatomy, developmental stage and the eventual opening site distinguishes a specified release layer from simple damage.