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Joseph-Louis Lagrange was a mathematician whose work transformed analysis, number theory and classical mechanics. His correspondence with Leonhard Euler helped develop the calculus of variations, and his later analytical treatment of mechanics organized equations of motion through generalized coordinates.^[ref] In Lagrangian mechanics, a function of position and velocity leads to the Euler-Lagrange equation, giving a systematic way to handle constrained motion. His name also appears in the Lagrange multiplier method and Lagrange's four-square theorem, illustrating the breadth of his contributions across continuous and discrete mathematics.

Mathematician.

Biography: mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Lagrange/