Matching in causal inference

Matching compares treated and control units with similar pretreatment covariates.

Table of contents
- Covariate balance Matching in causal inference
  - Standardized mean difference Covariate balance
- Caliper matching Matching in causal inference

Covariate balance

Covariate balance means treatment groups have similar pretreatment covariate distributions.

Standardized mean difference

A standardized mean difference divides a group mean difference by a pooled standard deviation.

Caliper matching

Caliper matching rejects candidate pairs whose distance exceeds a tolerance.

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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2026 / iii / Paper 207 / 1 / c / Solution

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