Random treatment assignment makes treatment independent of baseline potential outcomes in expectation.
Complete randomization chooses uniformly among all treatment assignments having prespecified treatment-arm sizes.
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A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a scientific study design used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment. In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the control group, which helps eliminate bias and ensures that any differences in outcomes can be attributed to the intervention being studied rather than other factors.