Ploidy counts sets of chromosomes; DNA amount counts material. Let be the number of chromosomes in one complete set and the DNA amount of one unreplicated set. For the ordinary diploid model, read each row per completed cell nucleus, not as a total across all products:
| Stage | Ploidy | DNA amount | Chromosome organization |
|---|---|---|---|
| Before DNA replication | Two unreplicated sets | ||
| After DNA replication | Two sets; each chromosome has two sister chromatids | ||
| After meiosis I | One replicated set | ||
| After meiosis II | One unreplicated set |
In the illustrated example, the starting biological cell has four chromosomes. DNA replication gives eight chromatids, organized into four replicated chromosomes. Each product of meiosis I has two replicated chromosomes, hence four chromatids; each final product has two unreplicated chromosomes. Across completed products, after meiosis I and after meiosis II: division redistributes the replicated DNA. A haploid cell nucleus can therefore have without becoming diploid.
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