A quencher-independent intersystem-crossing rate adds to the unquenched decay rate:The normalized Stern-Volmer equation retains the same form, so intersystem crossing does not bias if the actual unquenched lifetime is used. It reduces below one and changes the slope through ; assuming would then give the wrong result. A quencher that itself changes intersystem crossing or returns triplet population to the singlet requires a larger kinetic scheme.
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