Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2017 / ia / Paper 4 / 11A / a / Solution

The rotating-frame derivative formula is $(d\mathbf{A}/dt{)}_S=(d\mathbf{A}/dt{)}_{S^{\prime }}+\mathbf{\omega }\times \mathbf{A}$. Applying it twice to the position vector, with constant angular velocity, givesSolving for ${\mathbf{a}}_{S^{\prime }}$ identifies the displayed terms: its left side is the acceleration relative to the rotating reference frame, the first right-hand term is the inertial acceleration, $-2\mathbf{\omega }\times {\mathbf{v}}_{S^{\prime }}$ is the Coriolis acceleration, and $-\mathbf{\omega }\times (\mathbf{\omega }\times \mathbf{r})$ is the outward centrifugal acceleration.

For a particle of mass $m$, replace ${\mathbf{a}}_S$ by the actual force divided by $m$ using Newton's second law. The remaining terms then appear as apparent forces in $S^{\prime }$. There is no Euler acceleration because $\mathbf{\omega }$ is constant and no translational acceleration term because the common origin is fixed in the inertial frame.