The canonical momentum is pi=∂L/∂q˙i. If the velocity-momentum relation can be locally inverted, the Legendre transform defines H(q,p,t)=∑ipiq˙i−L, with the velocities expressed in terms of q,p,t. Its differential isThe Euler-Lagrange equations then yield Hamilton's equations,A singular velocity Hessian instead requires a constrained-Hamiltonian treatment.
dH=∑iq˙idpi−∑i∂qi∂Ldqi−∂t∂Ldt.
q˙i=∂pi∂H,p˙i=−∂qi∂H.
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